PMID- 34566872
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210929
IS  - 1664-2295 (Print)
IS  - 1664-2295 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-2295 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Primary Brainstem Hemorrhage: A Review of Prognostic Factors and Surgical 
      Management.
PG  - 727962
LID - 10.3389/fneur.2021.727962 [doi]
LID - 727962
AB  - Primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBSH) is the most fatal subtype of intracerebral 
      hemorrhage and is invariably associated with poor prognosis. Several prognostic 
      factors are involved, of which the two most predominant and consistent are the 
      initial level of consciousness and hemorrhage size. Other predictors, such as 
      age, hyperthermia, and hydrocephalus, are generally not dependable indicators for 
      making prognoses. Scoring systems have now been developed that can predict 
      mortality and functional outcomes in patients suffering from PBSH, which can thus 
      guide treatment decision-making. A novel grading scale, entitled "the new primary 
      pontine hemorrhage (PPH) score," represents the latest approach in scoring 
      systems. In this system, patients with a score of 2-3 points appear to benefit 
      from surgical management, although this claim requires further verification. The 
      four main surgical options for the treatment of PBSH are craniotomy, stereotactic 
      hematoma puncture and drainage, endoscopic hematoma removal, and external 
      ventricular drainage. Nevertheless, the management of PBSH still primarily 
      involves conservative treatment methods and surgery is generally not recommended, 
      according to current practice. However, the ongoing clinical trial, entitled 
      Safety and Efficacy of Surgical Treatment in Severe Primary Pontine Hemorrhage 
      Evacuation (STIPE), should provide additional evidence to support the surgical 
      treatment of PBSH. Therefore, we advocate the update of epidemiological data and 
      re-evaluation of PBSH treatment in a contemporary context.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Chen, Tang, Nie, Zhang, Wang, Dong, Wu, Xue, Tang, Liu, Pan and 
      Tang.
FAU - Chen, Danyang
AU  - Chen D
AD  - Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Tang, Yingxin
AU  - Tang Y
AD  - Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Nie, Hao
AU  - Nie H
AD  - Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Zhang, Ping
AU  - Zhang P
AD  - Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Wang, Wenzhi
AU  - Wang W
AD  - Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical 
      University, Beijing, China.
FAU - Dong, Qiang
AU  - Dong Q
AD  - Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Wu, Guofeng
AU  - Wu G
AD  - Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 
      Guiyang, China.
FAU - Xue, Mengzhou
AU  - Xue M
AD  - The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of 
      Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
FAU - Tang, Yuping
AU  - Tang Y
AD  - Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Liu, Wenjie
AU  - Liu W
AD  - Beijing WanTeFu Medical Apparatus Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
FAU - Pan, Chao
AU  - Pan C
AD  - Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Tang, Zhouping
AU  - Tang Z
AD  - Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210910
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Neurol
JT  - Frontiers in neurology
JID - 101546899
PMC - PMC8460873
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - primary brainstem hemorrhage
OT  - prognostic factors
OT  - scoring system
OT  - surgical management
OT  - surgical options
COIS- WL is employed by Beijing WanTeFu Medical Apparatus Co., Ltd. The remaining 
      authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial 
      or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of 
      interest.
EDAT- 2021/09/28 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/28 06:01
PMCR- 2021/09/10
CRDT- 2021/09/27 06:03
PHST- 2021/06/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/27 06:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/28 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fneur.2021.727962 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Neurol. 2021 Sep 10;12:727962. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.727962. eCollection 
      2021.