PMID- 34568981
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211009
IS  - 2090-911X (Electronic)
IS  - 1110-2608 (Print)
IS  - 1110-2608 (Linking)
VI  - 73
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Sep 26
TI  - Iron replacement therapy in heart failure: a literature review.
PG  - 85
LID - 10.1186/s43044-021-00211-3 [doi]
LID - 85
AB  - BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a major global challenge, emphasised by its 
      designation as the leading cause of hospitalisation in those aged 65 and above. 
      Approximately half of all patients with HF have concurrent iron deficiency (ID) 
      regardless of anaemia status. In HF, iron deficiency is independently associated 
      with higher rates of hospitalisation and death, lower exercise capacity, and 
      poorer quality-of-life than in patients without iron deficiency. With such 
      consequences, several studies have investigated whether correcting ID can improve 
      HF outcomes. Main body. As of 1st June 2021, seven randomised controlled trials 
      have explored the use of intravenous (IV) iron in patients with HF and ID, along 
      with various meta-analyses including an individual patient data meta-analysis, 
      all of which are discussed in this review. IV iron was well tolerated, with a 
      comparable frequency of adverse events to placebo. In the context of heart 
      failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), IV iron reduces the risk of 
      hospitalisation for HF, and improves New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional 
      class, quality-of-life, and exercise capacity (as measured by 6-min walk test 
      (6MWT)) distance and peak oxygen consumption. However, the effect of IV iron on 
      mortality is uncertain. Finally, the evidence for IV iron in patients with acute 
      decompensated heart failure, or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction 
      (HFpEF) is limited. CONCLUSIONS: IV iron improves some outcomes in patients with 
      HFrEF and ID. Patients with HFrEF should be screened for ID, defined as 
      ferritin < 100 microg/L, or ferritin 100-299 microg/L if transferrin saturation < 20%. If 
      ID is found, IV iron should be considered, although causes of ID other than HF 
      must not be overlooked.
CI  - (c) 2021. The Author(s).
FAU - Ismahel, Hassan
AU  - Ismahel H
AD  - University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK. 
      hassan.ismahel@gmail.com.
FAU - Ismahel, Nadeen
AU  - Ismahel N
AD  - University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210926
PL  - Germany
TA  - Egypt Heart J
JT  - The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of 
      Cardiology
JID - 9106952
PMC - PMC8473508
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ferrous carboxymaltose
OT  - Heart failure
OT  - Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
OT  - IV iron
OT  - Iron deficiency
OT  - Iron replacement
OT  - Iron sucrose
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/09/28 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/28 06:01
PMCR- 2021/09/26
CRDT- 2021/09/27 06:29
PHST- 2021/06/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/27 06:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/28 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s43044-021-00211-3 [pii]
AID - 211 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s43044-021-00211-3 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Egypt Heart J. 2021 Sep 26;73(1):85. doi: 10.1186/s43044-021-00211-3.