PMID- 34573496
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211001
IS  - 2076-2615 (Print)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 9
DP  - 2021 Aug 28
TI  - A Longitudinal Study of Hematology and Stress Biomarker Profiles in Young Asian 
      Elephants (Elephas Maximus) in Relation to Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 
      (EEHV) in Thailand.
LID - 10.3390/ani11092530 [doi]
LID - 2530
AB  - Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) is a virulent 
      disease that causes severe hemorrhage and sudden death in Asian elephant calves. 
      A change in hematology profiles is one indicator of infection before clinical 
      signs appear; however, to be effective, individual baselines and age-matched 
      reference values are needed. Stress has been speculated to be a factor in 
      clinical EEHV cases, but relationships have not been demonstrated empirically. 
      This study evaluated blood hematology and several stress response 
      markers-salivary cortisol, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM), salivary 
      Immunoglobulin A (SIgA), and fecal IgA (FIgA) in samples collected for 1 year 
      from three healthy calves with no EEHV history (non-EEHV), and six that had 
      previously been infected, developed clinical signs and survived (prior-EEHV). 
      Hematology values between non-EEHV and prior-EEHV elephants were not different 
      and within published reference ranges. Concentrations of salivary cortisol, FGM, 
      SIgA, and FIgA also were variable and showed seasonal differences, but no 
      relationships to prior EEHV status. One of the prior EEHV calves became 
      re-infected, developed hemorrhagic disease (HD), and died during the study 
      period. That calf exhibited lymphocytopenia, monocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia. 
      Additionally, all stress biomarker concentrations were lower in the 12 days 
      before viremia was observed. Thus, as in other studies, changes in hematology 
      occur with EEHV infection, while preliminary data in one calf suggests that 
      stress-response measures might also be informative and should be studied further.
FAU - Boonprasert, Khajohnpat
AU  - Boonprasert K
AD  - Center of Elephant and Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang 
      Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Yun, Yaoprapa
AU  - Yun Y
AD  - Center of Elephant and Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang 
      Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Kosaruk, Worapong
AU  - Kosaruk W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1706-2684
AD  - Center of Elephant and Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang 
      Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Towiboon, Patcharapa
AU  - Towiboon P
AD  - Center of Elephant and Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang 
      Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Tankaew, Pallop
AU  - Tankaew P
AD  - Center of Elephant and Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang 
      Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Punyapornwithaya, Veerasak
AU  - Punyapornwithaya V
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9870-7773
AD  - Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai 
      University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
AD  - Veterinary Public Health Centre and Food Safety for Asia Pacific (VPHCAP), 
      Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, 
      Thailand.
FAU - Janyamathakul, Thittaya
AU  - Janyamathakul T
AD  - Pattara Elephant Farm, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Muanghong, Panida
AU  - Muanghong P
AD  - Mae Taeng Elephant Park and Clinic, Mae Thang, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand.
FAU - Brown, Janine L
AU  - Brown JL
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3898-7755
AD  - Center of Elephant and Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang 
      Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
AD  - Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front 
      Royal, VA 22630, USA.
FAU - Thitaram, Chatchote
AU  - Thitaram C
AD  - Center of Elephant and Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang 
      Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
AD  - Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
FAU - Somgird, Chaleamchat
AU  - Somgird C
AD  - Center of Elephant and Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang 
      Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
AD  - Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210828
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Animals (Basel)
JT  - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
JID - 101635614
PMC - PMC8471699
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Asian elephant
OT  - elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus
OT  - glucocorticoids
OT  - hematology parameters
OT  - immunoglobulin A
OT  - stress indicators
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/09/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/29 06:01
PMCR- 2021/08/28
CRDT- 2021/09/28 01:09
PHST- 2021/08/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/28 01:09 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ani11092530 [pii]
AID - animals-11-02530 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ani11092530 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Animals (Basel). 2021 Aug 28;11(9):2530. doi: 10.3390/ani11092530.