PMID- 34575258
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231101
IS  - 2077-0383 (Print)
IS  - 2077-0383 (Electronic)
IS  - 2077-0383 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 18
DP  - 2021 Sep 14
TI  - Biomarkers of Post-COVID Depression.
LID - 10.3390/jcm10184142 [doi]
LID - 4142
AB  - The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading around the world and 187 million people have 
      already been affected. One of its after-effects is post-COVID depression, which, 
      according to the latest data, affects up to 40% of people who have had SARS-CoV-2 
      infection. A very important issue for the mental health of the general population 
      is to look for the causes of this complication and its biomarkers. This will help 
      in faster diagnosis and effective treatment of the affected patients. In our 
      work, we focused on the search for major depressive disorder (MDD) biomarkers, 
      which are also present in COVID-19 patients and may influence the development of 
      post-COVID depression. For this purpose, we searched PubMed, Scopus and Google 
      Scholar scientific literature databases using keywords such as 'COVID-19', 
      'SARS-CoV-2', 'depression', 'post-COVID', 'biomarkers' and others. Among the 
      biomarkers found, the most important that were frequently described are increased 
      levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble interleukin 6 receptor (sIL-6R), 
      interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon gamma 
      (IFN-gamma), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 2 (IL-2), soluble interleukin 2 
      receptor (sIL-2R), C-reactive protein (CRP), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 
      (MCP-1), serum amyloid a (SAA1) and metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, as 
      well as decreased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tryptophan (TRP). 
      The biomarkers identified by us indicate the etiopathogenesis of post-COVID 
      depression analogous to the leading inflammatory hypothesis of MDD.
FAU - Lorkiewicz, Piotr
AU  - Lorkiewicz P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2009-9485
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, Plac Brodowicza 1, 
      16-070 Choroszcz, Poland.
FAU - Waszkiewicz, Napoleon
AU  - Waszkiewicz N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7021-5133
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, Plac Brodowicza 1, 
      16-070 Choroszcz, Poland.
LA  - eng
GR  - SUB/1/DN/21/001/1147/the Medical University of Bialystok/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210914
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - J Clin Med
JT  - Journal of clinical medicine
JID - 101606588
PMC - PMC8470902
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - biomarkers
OT  - cytokines
OT  - depression
OT  - kynurenine
OT  - post-COVID
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/09/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/29 06:01
PMCR- 2021/09/14
CRDT- 2021/09/28 01:15
PHST- 2021/07/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/09/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/28 01:15 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - jcm10184142 [pii]
AID - jcm-10-04142 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/jcm10184142 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Clin Med. 2021 Sep 14;10(18):4142. doi: 10.3390/jcm10184142.