PMID- 34576388 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20211001 IS - 1996-1944 (Print) IS - 1996-1944 (Electronic) IS - 1996-1944 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 18 DP - 2021 Sep 8 TI - Experimental Study on Sand Stabilization Using Bio-Cementation with Wastepaper Fiber Integration. LID - 10.3390/ma14185164 [doi] LID - 5164 AB - Recently, green materials and technologies have received considerable attention in geotechnical engineering. One of such techniques is microbially-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). In the MICP process, CaCO(3) is achieved bio-chemically within the soil, thus enhancing the strength and stiffness. The purpose of this study is to introduce the wastepaper fiber (WPF) onto the MICP (i) to study the mechanical properties of MICP-treated sand with varying WPF content (0-8%) and (ii) to assess the freeze-thaw (FT) durability of the treated samples. Findings revealed that the ductility of the treated samples increases with the increase in WPF addition, while the highest UCS is found with a small fiber addition. The results of CaCO(3) content suggest that the WPF addition enhances the immobilization of the bacteria cells, thus yielding the precipitation content. However, shear wave velocity analysis indicates that a higher addition of WPF results in rapid deterioration of the samples when subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. Microscale analysis illuminates that fiber clusters replace the solid bonding at particle contacts, leading to reduced resistance to freeze-thaw damage. Overall, the study demonstrates that as a waste material, WPF could be sustainably reused in the bio-cementation. FAU - Chen, Meiqi AU - Chen M AD - Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. FAU - Gowthaman, Sivakumar AU - Gowthaman S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9880-7886 AD - Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Jaffna, Kilinochchi 44000, Sri Lanka. FAU - Nakashima, Kazunori AU - Nakashima K AD - Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. FAU - Komatsu, Shin AU - Komatsu S AD - Meiwa Seishi Genryo Co., Ltd., Osaka 532-0011, Japan. FAU - Kawasaki, Satoru AU - Kawasaki S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7984-928X AD - Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210908 PL - Switzerland TA - Materials (Basel) JT - Materials (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101555929 PMC - PMC8466508 OTO - NOTNLM OT - calcium carbonate OT - freeze-thaw durability OT - mechanical properties OT - microbially-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) OT - wastepaper fiber COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/09/29 06:00 MHDA- 2021/09/29 06:01 PMCR- 2021/09/08 CRDT- 2021/09/28 01:19 PHST- 2021/08/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/09/02 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/09/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/09/28 01:19 [entrez] PHST- 2021/09/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/09/29 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/09/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ma14185164 [pii] AID - materials-14-05164 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ma14185164 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Materials (Basel). 2021 Sep 8;14(18):5164. doi: 10.3390/ma14185164.