PMID- 34576653
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240403
IS  - 1996-1944 (Print)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Electronic)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 18
DP  - 2021 Sep 19
TI  - Biochar and Hyperthermophiles as Additives Accelerate the Removal of Antibiotic 
      Resistance Genes and Mobile Genetic Elements during Composting.
LID - 10.3390/ma14185428 [doi]
LID - 5428
AB  - Sewage treatment plants are known as repositories of antibiotic resistance genes 
      (ARGs). Adding biochar and inoculating with exogenous microbial agents are common 
      ways to improve the quality of compost. However, little is known about the 
      effects of these exogenous additives on the fate of ARGs during composting and 
      the related mechanisms. In this study, municipal sludge was taken as the research 
      object to study the ARG-removal effects of four composting methods: ordinary 
      compost (CT), compost with hyperthermophiles (HT), compost with hyperthermophiles 
      and 2.0% biochar (HT2C) and compost with hyperthermophiles and 5.0% biochar 
      (HT5C). Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing 
      were conducted to analyze the ARGs, MGEs and bacterial community. After 
      composting, the abundance of ARGs in CT was reduced by 72.7%, while HT, HT2C and 
      HT5C were reduced by 80.7%, 84.3% and 84.8%, respectively. Treatments with 
      different proportions of biochar added (HT2C, HT5C) had no significant effect on 
      the abundance of ARGs. Network analysis showed that Firmicutes and Nitrospirae 
      were positively associated with most ARGs and may be potential hosts for them. In 
      addition, redundancy analysis further showed that the class 1 integrase gene 
      (intI1), pH and organic carbon had a greater effect on ARGs. Our findings 
      suggested that the combination of hyperthermophiles and biochar during the 
      composting process was an effective way to control ARGs and mobile genetic 
      elements (MGEs), thus inhibiting the spread and diffusion of ARGs in the 
      environment and improving the efficiency of treating human and animal diseases.
FAU - Fu, Yanli
AU  - Fu Y
AD  - Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of 
      Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
FAU - Zhang, Aisheng
AU  - Zhang A
AD  - Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of 
      Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
FAU - Guo, Tengfei
AU  - Guo T
AD  - Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of 
      Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
FAU - Zhu, Ying
AU  - Zhu Y
AD  - Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of 
      Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
FAU - Shao, Yanqiu
AU  - Shao Y
AD  - Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of 
      Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2020KJC-ZD12/Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) 
      integration of science, education and industry innovation pilot project/
GR  - 2019GHZD06/International Scientific and Technical Cooperation Project of Shandong 
      Academy of Sciences/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210919
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Materials (Basel)
JT  - Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101555929
PMC - PMC8465662
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - antibiotic resistance genes
OT  - bacterial community
OT  - biochar
OT  - compost
OT  - hyperthermophile
COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or 
      personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in 
      this paper.
EDAT- 2021/09/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/29 06:01
PMCR- 2021/09/19
CRDT- 2021/09/28 01:20
PHST- 2021/08/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/09/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/28 01:20 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ma14185428 [pii]
AID - materials-14-05428 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ma14185428 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Materials (Basel). 2021 Sep 19;14(18):5428. doi: 10.3390/ma14185428.