PMID- 34576670 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20211001 IS - 1996-1944 (Print) IS - 1996-1944 (Electronic) IS - 1996-1944 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 18 DP - 2021 Sep 20 TI - Torsional Crack Localization in Palm Oil Clinker Concrete Using Acoustic Emission Method. LID - 10.3390/ma14185446 [doi] LID - 5446 AB - Palm oil clinker (POC) aggregates is a viable alternative to the naturally occurring sand and gravel in the manufacturing of concrete. The usage of POC aggregates assists in the reduction of solid waste and preserves the consumption of natural resources. Although researchers investigated the mechanical response of POC-containing concrete, limited research is available for its torsional behavior. In general, the torsional strength depends on the tensile strength of concrete. This research investigates the compressive, tensile, and torsional response of concrete with various ratios of POC-aggregates. Five batches of concrete were casted with POC-aggregate replacing granite at ratios of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 100%. The selection for the mixture proportions for the various batches was based on the design of experiments (DOE) methodology. The hard density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete with a 100% replacement of granite with POC-aggregates reduced by 8.80, 37.25, 30.94, and 14.31%, respectively. Furthermore, a reduction in initial and ultimate torque was observed. While cracks increased with the increase in POC-aggregates. Finally, the cracking of concrete subjected to torsional loads was monitored and characterized by acoustic emissions (AE). The results illustrate a sudden rise in AE activities during the initiation of cracks and as the ultimate cracks were developed. This was accompanied by a sudden drop in the torque/twist curve. FAU - Khan, Safdar AU - Khan S AD - Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. FAU - Yap, Soon Poh AU - Yap SP AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2036-9740 AD - Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. FAU - Tan, Chee Ghuan AU - Tan CG AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6398-1956 AD - Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. FAU - Ganasan, Reventheran AU - Ganasan R AD - Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. FAU - Sherif, Muhammad M AU - Sherif MM AD - Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. FAU - El-Shafie, Ahmed AU - El-Shafie A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5018-8505 AD - Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. LA - eng GR - FRGS/1/2020/TK01/UM/02/2/Fundamental Research Grant Scheme/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210920 PL - Switzerland TA - Materials (Basel) JT - Materials (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101555929 PMC - PMC8470595 OTO - NOTNLM OT - acoustic emission OT - mechanical properties OT - palm oil clinker OT - torsional behavior COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/09/29 06:00 MHDA- 2021/09/29 06:01 PMCR- 2021/09/20 CRDT- 2021/09/28 01:20 PHST- 2021/08/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/09/12 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/09/15 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/09/28 01:20 [entrez] PHST- 2021/09/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/09/29 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/09/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ma14185446 [pii] AID - materials-14-05446 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ma14185446 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Materials (Basel). 2021 Sep 20;14(18):5446. doi: 10.3390/ma14185446.