PMID- 34577791
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210929
LR  - 20211001
IS  - 1648-9144 (Electronic)
IS  - 1010-660X (Print)
IS  - 1010-660X (Linking)
VI  - 57
IP  - 9
DP  - 2021 Aug 25
TI  - The Aggressive Diabetic Kidney Disease in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: 
      Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Potential Therapies.
LID - 10.3390/medicina57090868 [doi]
LID - 868
AB  - Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) represents a major burden worldwide. 
      In the last decades, the prevalence of T2DM became higher than that of Type 1 
      Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), helped by the increasing rate of childhood obesity. The 
      highest prevalence rates of youth-onset T2DM are recorded in China (520 
      cases/100,000) and in the United States (212 cases/100,000), and the numbers are 
      still increasing. T2DM young people present a strong hereditary component, often 
      unmasked by social and environmental risk factors. These patients are affected by 
      multiple coexisting risk factors, including obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, 
      insulin resistance, hypertension, and inflammation. Juvenile T2DM nephropathy 
      occurs earlier in life compared to T1DM-related nephropathy in children or 
      T2DM-related nephropathy in adult. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is T2DM major 
      long term microvascular complication. This review summarizes the main mechanisms 
      involved in the pathogenesis of the DKD in young population and the recent 
      evolution of treatment, in order to reduce the risk of DKD progression.
FAU - Amatruda, Michela
AU  - Amatruda M
AD  - Unit of Pediatric Nephrology with Dialysis, AOU Policlinic G Martino, University 
      of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
FAU - Gembillo, Guido
AU  - Gembillo G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4823-9910
AD  - Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental 
      Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
AD  - Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, 
      University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
FAU - Giuffrida, Alfio Edoardo
AU  - Giuffrida AE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9390-1363
AD  - Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental 
      Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
FAU - Santoro, Domenico
AU  - Santoro D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4279-6559
AD  - Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental 
      Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
FAU - Conti, Giovanni
AU  - Conti G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0617-500X
AD  - Unit of Pediatric Nephrology with Dialysis, AOU Policlinic G Martino, University 
      of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210825
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Medicina (Kaunas)
JT  - Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
JID - 9425208
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications/epidemiology
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/epidemiology
MH  - *Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Insulin Resistance
MH  - *Pediatric Obesity
PMC - PMC8467670
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - D2M pathophysiology and novel treatments
OT  - diabetic kidney disease
OT  - diabetic nephropathy
OT  - youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/09/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/30 06:00
PMCR- 2021/08/25
CRDT- 2021/09/28 01:24
PHST- 2021/07/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/28 01:24 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - medicina57090868 [pii]
AID - medicina-57-00868 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/medicina57090868 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Aug 25;57(9):868. doi: 10.3390/medicina57090868.