PMID- 34577942
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210930
IS  - 2073-4360 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4360 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 18
DP  - 2021 Sep 9
TI  - Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Throat Sensor Using Ionic Polymer-Metal 
      Composite (IPMC) Material.
LID - 10.3390/polym13183041 [doi]
LID - 3041
AB  - Throat sensing has received increasing demands in recent years, especially for 
      oropharyngeal treatment applications. The conventional videofluoroscopy (VFS) 
      approach is limited by either exposing the patient to radiation or incurring 
      expensive costs on sophisticated equipment as well as well-trained 
      speech-language pathologists. Here, we propose a smart and non-invasive throat 
      sensor that can be fabricated using an ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) 
      material. Through the cation's movement inside the IPMC material, the sensor can 
      detect muscle movement at the throat using a self-generated signal. We have 
      further improved the output responses of the sensor by coating it with a 
      corrosive-resistant gold material. A support vector machine algorithm is used to 
      train the sensor in recognizing the pattern of the throat movements, with a high 
      accuracy of 95%. Our proposed throat sensor has revealed its potential to be used 
      as a promising solution for smart healthcare devices, which can benefit many 
      practical applications such as human-machine interactions, sports training, and 
      rehabilitation.
FAU - Lee, Jai-Hua
AU  - Lee JH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4271-1842
AD  - Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 
      Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.
FAU - Chee, Pei-Song
AU  - Chee PS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7165-7788
AD  - Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 
      Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.
FAU - Lim, Eng-Hock
AU  - Lim EH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5301-1115
AD  - Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 
      Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.
FAU - Tan, Chun-Hui
AU  - Tan CH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9726-0866
AD  - Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 
      Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.
LA  - eng
GR  - FRGS/1/2019/TK04/UTAR/02/1 (vote: 8073/C01)/Fundamental Research Grant Scheme/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210909
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Polymers (Basel)
JT  - Polymers
JID - 101545357
PMC - PMC8473105
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC)
OT  - self-powered sensor
OT  - smart sensor
OT  - support vector machine (SVM)
OT  - wearable sensor
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/09/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/29 06:01
PMCR- 2021/09/09
CRDT- 2021/09/28 01:24
PHST- 2021/07/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/09/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/28 01:24 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - polym13183041 [pii]
AID - polymers-13-03041 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/polym13183041 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Polymers (Basel). 2021 Sep 9;13(18):3041. doi: 10.3390/polym13183041.