PMID- 34579246
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211001
IS  - 2076-393X (Print)
IS  - 2076-393X (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-393X (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 9
DP  - 2021 Sep 10
TI  - Recombinant Antigen of Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 
      (PRRSV-2) Promotes M1 Repolarization of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages and Th1 Type 
      Response.
LID - 10.3390/vaccines9091009 [doi]
LID - 1009
AB  - The polarization status of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) determines the 
      infectivity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). PRRSV 
      infection skews macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype, followed by 
      T-cells inactivation. CD163, one of the scavenger receptors of M2 macrophages, 
      has been described as a putative receptor for PRRSV. In this study, we examined 
      two types of PRRSV-2-derived recombinant antigens, A1 (g6Ld10T) and A2 
      (lipo-M5Nt), for their ability to mediate PAM polarization and T helper (Th1) 
      response. A1 and A2 were composed of different combination of ORF5, ORF6, and 
      ORF7 in full or partial length. To enhance the adaptive immunity, they were 
      conjugated with T cells epitopes or lipidated elements, respectively. Our results 
      showed that CD163(+) expression on PAMs significantly decreased after being 
      challenged with A1 but not A2, followed by a significant increase in 
      pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12). In addition, next generation 
      sequencing (NGS) data show an increase in T-cell receptor signaling in PAMs 
      challenged with A1. Using a co-culture system, PAMs challenged with A1 can induce 
      Th1 activation by boosting IFN-gamma and IL-12 secretion and TNF-alpha expression. In 
      terms of innate and T-cell-mediated immunity, we conclude that A1 is regarded as 
      a potential vaccine for immunization against PRRSV infection due to its ability 
      to reverse the polarization status of PAMs toward pro-inflammatory phenotypes, 
      which in turn reduces CD163 expression for viral entry and increases 
      immunomodulation for Th1-type response.
FAU - Wahyuningtyas, Rika
AU  - Wahyuningtyas R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4150-266X
AD  - Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
FAU - Lai, Yin-Siew
AU  - Lai YS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2963-9038
AD  - Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
FAU - Wu, Mei-Li
AU  - Wu ML
AD  - Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
FAU - Chen, Hsin-Wei
AU  - Chen HW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3207-2397
AD  - National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health 
      Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan.
AD  - Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 
      400, Taiwan.
AD  - Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical 
      University, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan.
FAU - Chung, Wen-Bin
AU  - Chung WB
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
FAU - Chaung, Hso-Chi
AU  - Chaung HC
AD  - Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
AD  - Flow Cytometry Center, Precision Instruments Center, National Pingtung University 
      of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
FAU - Chang, Ko-Tung
AU  - Chang KT
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9383-831X
AD  - Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
AD  - Flow Cytometry Center, Precision Instruments Center, National Pingtung University 
      of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of 
      Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
LA  - eng
GR  - MOST 107-3017-F-020-001-, MOST 108-3017-F-020 -001-, MOST 109-2634-F-020-001-, 
      MOST 110-2634-F-020-001-, MOST 109-2314-B-020-002/Ministry of Science and 
      Technology, Taiwan/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210910
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Vaccines (Basel)
JT  - Vaccines
JID - 101629355
PMC - PMC8473084
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CD163
OT  - M1
OT  - M2
OT  - PAMs
OT  - PRRSV
OT  - Th1
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/09/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/29 06:01
PMCR- 2021/09/10
CRDT- 2021/09/28 01:29
PHST- 2021/06/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/09/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/28 01:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - vaccines9091009 [pii]
AID - vaccines-09-01009 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/vaccines9091009 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Sep 10;9(9):1009. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9091009.