PMID- 34591909
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211119
LR  - 20211119
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 9
DP  - 2021
TI  - Can fingernail quality predict bone damage in Type 2 diabetes mellitus? a pilot 
      study.
PG  - e0257955
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0257955 [doi]
LID - e0257955
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) adversely affects the normal functioning, 
      intrinsic material properties, and structural integrity of many tissues, 
      including bone. It is well known that the clinical utility of areal bone mineral 
      density (aBMD) is limited to assess bone strength in individuals with T2DM. 
      Therefore, there is a need to explore new diagnostic techniques that can better 
      assist and improve the accuracy of assessment of bone tissue quality. The present 
      study investigated the link between bone and fingernail material/compositional 
      properties in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). For that, femoral head and 
      fingernail samples were obtained from twenty-five adult female patients 
      (with/without T2DM) with fragility femoral neck fractures undergoing hemi/total 
      hip arthroplasty. Cylindrical cores of trabecular bone were subjected to 
      micro-CT, and lower bone volume fraction was observed in the diabetic group than 
      the non-diabetic group due to fewer and thinner trabeculae in individuals with 
      T2DM. The material and compositional properties of bone/fingernail were estimated 
      using nanoindentation and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, respectively. 
      Both bone/fingernails in T2DM had lower reduced modulus (Er), hardness (H), lower 
      Amide I and Amide II area ratio (protein content), higher sugar-to-matrix ratio, 
      and relatively high carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) content compared with non-diabetic 
      patients. Sugar-to-matrix ratio and relative CML content were strongly and 
      positively correlated with HbA1c for both bone/fingernail. There was a positive 
      correlation between bone and fingernail glycation content. Our findings provide 
      evidence that the degradation pattern of bone and fingernail properties go 
      hand-in-hand in individuals with T2DM. Hence, the fingernail 
      compositional/material properties might serve as a non-invasive surrogate marker 
      of bone quality in T2DM; however, further large-scale studies need to be 
      undertaken.
FAU - Sihota, Praveer
AU  - Sihota P
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, 
      Rupnagar, Punjab, India.
FAU - Pal, Rimesh
AU  - Pal R
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and 
      Research, Chandigarh, India.
FAU - Yadav, Ram Naresh
AU  - Yadav RN
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, 
      Rupnagar, Punjab, India.
FAU - Neradi, Deepak
AU  - Neradi D
AD  - Department of Orthopedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and 
      Research, Chandigarh, India.
FAU - Karn, Shailesh
AU  - Karn S
AD  - Department of Orthopedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and 
      Research, Chandigarh, India.
FAU - Goni, Vijay G
AU  - Goni VG
AD  - Department of Orthopedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and 
      Research, Chandigarh, India.
FAU - Sharma, Siddhartha
AU  - Sharma S
AD  - Department of Orthopedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and 
      Research, Chandigarh, India.
FAU - Mehandia, Vishwajeet
AU  - Mehandia V
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, 
      Rupnagar, Punjab, India.
FAU - Bhadada, Sanjay Kumar
AU  - Bhadada SK
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and 
      Research, Chandigarh, India.
FAU - Kumar, Navin
AU  - Kumar N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7958-8155
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, 
      Rupnagar, Punjab, India.
FAU - Rao, Sudhaker D
AU  - Rao SD
AD  - Department of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 
      United States of America.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210930
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 70YDX3Z2O7 (N(6)-carboxymethyllysine)
RN  - K3Z4F929H6 (Lysine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Femoral Neck Fractures/*pathology/surgery
MH  - Femur Neck/chemistry/*diagnostic imaging/pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lysine/*analogs & derivatives/analysis
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Nails/chemistry/*diagnostic imaging/pathology
MH  - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/*diagnostic imaging/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
MH  - X-Ray Microtomography
PMC - PMC8483292
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2021/10/01 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/20 06:00
PMCR- 2021/09/30
CRDT- 2021/09/30 17:27
PHST- 2021/02/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/30 17:27 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-21-04313 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0257955 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2021 Sep 30;16(9):e0257955. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257955. 
      eCollection 2021.