PMID- 34597662 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220124 LR - 20220124 IS - 1096-0953 (Electronic) IS - 0013-9351 (Linking) VI - 204 IP - Pt B DP - 2022 Mar TI - Longitudinal changes in concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (1986-2016) and their associations with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PG - 112129 LID - S0013-9351(21)01430-4 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112129 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Positive associations have been reported between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, causality has not been established. Over the last decades, environmental exposure to legacy POPs has decreased, complicating epidemiological studies. In addition, physiological risk factors for T2DM may also influence POP concentrations, contributing to a complex network of factors that could impact associations with T2DM. Longitudinal studies on this topic are lacking, and few have assessed prospective and cross-sectional associations between repeated POP measurements and T2DM in the same individuals, which may shed light on causality. OBJECTIVES: To compare longitudinal trends in concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in T2DM cases and controls, and to examine prospective and cross-sectional associations between PCBs, OCPs and T2DM at different time-points before and after T2DM diagnosis in cases. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal, nested case-control study (1986-2016) of 116 T2DM cases and 139 controls from the Tromso Study. All participants had three blood samples collected before T2DM diagnosis in cases, and up to two samples thereafter. We used linear mixed-effect models to assess temporal changes of POPs within and between T2DM cases and controls, and logistic regression models to investigate the associations between different POPs and T2DM at different time-points. RESULTS: PCBs, trans-nonachlor, cis-nonachlor, oxychlordane, cis-heptachlor epoxide, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDT declined more slowly in cases than controls, whereas beta-HCH and HCB declined similarly in both groups. Most POPs showed positive associations between both pre- and post-diagnostic concentrations and T2DM, though effect estimates were imprecise. These associations were most consistent for cis-heptachlor epoxide. DISCUSSION: The observed positive associations between certain POPs and T2DM may be because of higher POP concentrations within prospective T2DM cases, due to slower temporal declines as compared to controls. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Charles, Dolley AU - Charles D AD - Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromso, Norway. Electronic address: dolley.charles@uit.no. FAU - Berg, Vivian AU - Berg V AD - Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromso, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of North-Norway, NO-9038, Tromso, Norway. FAU - Nost, Therese Haugdahl AU - Nost TH AD - Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromso, Norway; Department of Community Medicine and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway. FAU - Bergdahl, Ingvar A AU - Bergdahl IA AD - Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. FAU - Huber, Sandra AU - Huber S AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of North-Norway, NO-9038, Tromso, Norway. FAU - Ayotte, Pierre AU - Ayotte P AD - Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada; Centre de Toxicologie du Quebec, INSPQ, Quebec, QC, Canada. FAU - Wilsgaard, Tom AU - Wilsgaard T AD - Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromso, Norway. FAU - Averina, Maria AU - Averina M AD - Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromso, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of North-Norway, NO-9038, Tromso, Norway. FAU - Sandanger, Torkjel AU - Sandanger T AD - Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromso, Norway; NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NO-9007, Tromso, Norway. FAU - Rylander, Charlotta AU - Rylander C AD - Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromso, Norway. Electronic address: charlotta.rylander@uit.no. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20210928 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Res JT - Environmental research JID - 0147621 RN - 0 (Environmental Pollutants) RN - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated) RN - 0 (Pesticides) RN - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) SB - IM MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced/epidemiology MH - *Environmental Pollutants MH - Humans MH - *Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis MH - Persistent Organic Pollutants MH - *Pesticides MH - *Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis MH - Prospective Studies OTO - NOTNLM OT - Longitudinal assessment OT - Persistent organic pollutants OT - Pre- and post-diagnostic associations OT - Repeated measurements OT - Type 2 diabetes mellitus EDAT- 2021/10/02 06:00 MHDA- 2022/01/27 06:00 CRDT- 2021/10/01 20:14 PHST- 2021/06/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/08/31 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/09/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/10/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/01/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/01 20:14 [entrez] AID - S0013-9351(21)01430-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112129 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Res. 2022 Mar;204(Pt B):112129. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112129. Epub 2021 Sep 28.