PMID- 34598090
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211207
LR  - 20211214
IS  - 1879-3363 (Electronic)
IS  - 0025-326X (Linking)
VI  - 173
IP  - Pt A
DP  - 2021 Dec
TI  - Microplastic pollution in the surface sediment of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Arctic.
PG  - 112986
LID - S0025-326X(21)01020-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112986 [doi]
AB  - Progressive fragmentation of larger plastic debris due to the mechanical action 
      of wind/waves, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, or biological 
      degradation has led to the formation of microplastics or MPs (<5 mm). MPs are 
      pervasive in nature and hence, ubiquitous in distribution across the global 
      marine systems. The Arctic Ocean, despite its remoteness, has been reported to 
      contain a high concentration of MPs. However, studies on the presence of MPs in 
      the sediment compartments of the Arctic Ocean are relatively lesser than that of 
      the water column, surface water and Arctic fauna. Similarly, MP pollution of the 
      Arctic fjords remains understudied. Here, we present the occurrence of MPs in the 
      sediments of Kongsfjorden, an Arctic fjord in the Svalbard archipelago. Sediment 
      samples from eight locations in Kongsfjorden, when analyzed, reveal the presence 
      of MPs in three sites, with values ranging from 4 to 24 MPs/kg (dry weight) 
      sediment. The highest number of MPs was observed at site K5 (24 particles/kg). On 
      an average, 2.87 MPs/kg were recorded and their size ranged from 55 mum to 381 mum. 
      Stereomicroscopic observation of MPs indicated fragment and fibers as the 
      morphotypes of MPs. Polymer profile analysis with micro-Raman spectroscope 
      confirmed high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and 
      polyamide (PA) as the polymer components of the MPs found in the sediment 
      samples. Of these, HDPE was the predominant polymer. Further detailed studies are 
      needed to understand the source and the mechanisms involved in transporting MPs 
      to the sediment and their impact on Arctic fjords.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ramasamy, Eswara Venkatesaperumal
AU  - Ramasamy EV
AD  - School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686 
      560, India. Electronic address: evramasamy@mgu.ac.in.
FAU - Sruthy, Shini
AU  - Sruthy S
AD  - School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686 
      560, India.
FAU - Harit, Ajay Kumar
AU  - Harit AK
AD  - School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686 
      560, India.
FAU - Mohan, Mahesh
AU  - Mohan M
AD  - School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686 
      560, India.
FAU - Binish, Mechirackal Balan
AU  - Binish MB
AD  - School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686 
      560, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210928
PL  - England
TA  - Mar Pollut Bull
JT  - Marine pollution bulletin
JID - 0260231
RN  - 0 (Microplastics)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Geologic Sediments
MH  - *Microplastics
MH  - Plastics
MH  - Svalbard
MH  - Ultraviolet Rays
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Arctic fjord
OT  - Marine debris
OT  - Plastic pollution
OT  - Polymers
OT  - micro-Raman spectroscopy
EDAT- 2021/10/02 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2021/10/01 20:31
PHST- 2021/05/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/09/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/01 20:31 [entrez]
AID - S0025-326X(21)01020-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112986 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 Dec;173(Pt A):112986. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112986. 
      Epub 2021 Sep 28.