PMID- 34603853
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211005
IS  - 2167-8359 (Print)
IS  - 2167-8359 (Electronic)
IS  - 2167-8359 (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2021
TI  - Biogeography rather than substrate type determines bacterial colonization 
      dynamics of marine plastics.
PG  - e12135
LID - 10.7717/peerj.12135 [doi]
LID - e12135
AB  - Since the middle of the 20th century, plastics have been incorporated into our 
      everyday lives at an exponential rate. In recent years, the negative impacts of 
      plastics, especially as environmental pollutants, have become evident. Marine 
      plastic debris represents a relatively new and increasingly abundant substrate 
      for colonization by microbial organisms, although the full functional potential 
      of these organisms is yet to be uncovered. In the present study, we investigated 
      plastic type and incubation location as drivers of marine bacterial community 
      structure development on plastics, i.e., the Plastisphere, via 16S rRNA amplicon 
      analysis. Four distinct plastic types: high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear 
      low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyamide (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), 
      and glass-slide controls were incubated for five weeks in the coastal waters of 
      four different biogeographic locations (Cape Verde, Chile, Japan, South Africa) 
      during July and August of 2019. The primary driver of the coastal Plastisphere 
      composition was identified as incubation location, i.e., biogeography, while 
      substrate type did not have a significant effect on bacterial community 
      composition. The bacterial communities were consistently dominated by the classes 
      Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidia, irrespective of 
      sampling location or substrate type, however a core bacterial Plastisphere 
      community was not observable at lower taxonomic levels. Overall, this study sheds 
      light on the question of whether bacterial communities on plastic debris are 
      shaped by the physicochemical properties of the substrate they grow on or by the 
      marine environment in which the plastics are immersed. This study enhances the 
      current understanding of biogeographic variability in the Plastisphere by 
      including biofilms from plastics incubated in the previously uncharted Southern 
      Hemisphere.
CI  - (c)2021 Coons et al.
FAU - Coons, Ashley K
AU  - Coons AK
AD  - GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, 
      Germany.
FAU - Busch, Kathrin
AU  - Busch K
AD  - GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, 
      Germany.
FAU - Lenz, Mark
AU  - Lenz M
AD  - GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, 
      Germany.
FAU - Hentschel, Ute
AU  - Hentschel U
AD  - GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, 
      Germany.
AD  - Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
FAU - Borchert, Erik
AU  - Borchert E
AD  - GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, 
      Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210913
PL  - United States
TA  - PeerJ
JT  - PeerJ
JID - 101603425
PMC - PMC8445087
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bacterial colonization
OT  - Marine plastics
OT  - Plastisphere
COIS- The authors declare there are no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/10/05 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/05 06:01
PMCR- 2021/09/13
CRDT- 2021/10/04 06:04
PHST- 2021/04/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/04 06:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/05 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 12135 [pii]
AID - 10.7717/peerj.12135 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PeerJ. 2021 Sep 13;9:e12135. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12135. eCollection 2021.