PMID- 34604043 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20211005 IS - 2234-943X (Print) IS - 2234-943X (Electronic) IS - 2234-943X (Linking) VI - 11 DP - 2021 TI - Emerging Evidence of the Gut Microbiome in Chemotherapy: A Clinical Review. PG - 706331 LID - 10.3389/fonc.2021.706331 [doi] LID - 706331 AB - Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is associated with both cancer chemotherapy (CTX) outcomes and adverse events (AEs). This review examines the relationship between the gut microbiome and CTX as well as the impact of CTX on the gut microbiome. A literature search was conducted in electronic databases Medline, PubMed and ScienceDirect, with searches for "cancer" and "chemotherapy" and "microbiome/microbiota". The relevant literature was selected for use in this article. Seventeen studies were selected on participants with colorectal cancer (CRC; n=5), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML; n=3), Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n=2), breast cancer (BCa; n=1), lung cancer (n=1), ovarian cancer (n=1), liver cancer (n=1), and various other types of cancers (n=3). Seven studies assessed the relationship between the gut microbiome and CTX with faecal samples collected prior to (n=3) and following CTX (n=4) showing that the gut microbiome is associated with both CTX efficacy and toxicity. Ten other prospective studies assessed the impact of CTX during treatment and found that CTX modulates the gut microbiome of people with cancer and that dysbiosis induced by the CTX is related to AEs. CTX adversely impacts the gut microbiome, inducing dysbiosis and is associated with CTX outcomes and AEs. Current evidence provides insights into the gut microbiome for clinicians, cancer survivors and the general public. More research is required to better understand and modify the impact of CTX on the gut microbiome. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Oh, Boyle, Pavlakis, Clarke, Guminski, Eade, Lamoury, Carroll, Morgia, Kneebone, Hruby, Stevens, Liu, Corless, Molloy, Libermann, Rosenthal and Back. FAU - Oh, Byeongsang AU - Oh B AD - Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. AD - Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia. AD - Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. AD - University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States. FAU - Boyle, Frances AU - Boyle F AD - Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia. AD - Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. FAU - Pavlakis, Nick AU - Pavlakis N AD - Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. AD - Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. FAU - Clarke, Stephen AU - Clarke S AD - Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. AD - Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. FAU - Guminski, Alex AU - Guminski A AD - Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. AD - Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia. AD - Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. FAU - Eade, Thomas AU - Eade T AD - Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. AD - Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia. AD - Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. FAU - Lamoury, Gillian AU - Lamoury G AD - Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. AD - Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia. AD - Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. FAU - Carroll, Susan AU - Carroll S AD - Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. AD - Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia. AD - Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. FAU - Morgia, Marita AU - Morgia M AD - Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. AD - Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia. FAU - Kneebone, Andrew AU - Kneebone A AD - Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. AD - Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia. AD - Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. FAU - Hruby, George AU - Hruby G AD - Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. AD - Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia. AD - Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. FAU - Stevens, Mark AU - Stevens M AD - Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. AD - Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia. FAU - Liu, Wen AU - Liu W AD - University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States. FAU - Corless, Brian AU - Corless B AD - Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. FAU - Molloy, Mark AU - Molloy M AD - Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. FAU - Libermann, Towia AU - Libermann T AD - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States. AD - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Rosenthal, David AU - Rosenthal D AD - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Back, Michael AU - Back M AD - Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. AD - Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia. AD - Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20210916 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Oncol JT - Frontiers in oncology JID - 101568867 PMC - PMC8481611 OTO - NOTNLM OT - adverse events OT - biomarker OT - cancer OT - chemotherapy OT - gut microbiome COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/10/05 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/05 06:01 PMCR- 2021/01/01 CRDT- 2021/10/04 06:07 PHST- 2021/05/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/08/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/10/04 06:07 [entrez] PHST- 2021/10/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/05 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fonc.2021.706331 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Oncol. 2021 Sep 16;11:706331. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.706331. eCollection 2021.