PMID- 34618462
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220225
LR  - 20220225
IS  - 1535-3907 (Electronic)
IS  - 1535-3893 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 11
DP  - 2021 Nov 5
TI  - Salivary Metabolomics Reveals that Metabolic Alterations Precede the Onset of 
      Schizophrenia.
PG  - 5010-5023
LID - 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00504 [doi]
AB  - Schizophrenia is a complex and highly heterogeneous mental illness with a 
      prodromal period called clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis before onset. 
      Metabolomics is greatly promising in analyzing the pathology of complex diseases 
      and exploring diagnostic biomarkers. Therefore, we conducted salivary 
      metabolomics analysis in 83 first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients, 42 CHR 
      individuals, and 78 healthy controls with ultrahigh-performance liquid 
      chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometry 
      raw data have been deposited on the MetaboLights (ID: MTBLS3463). We found 
      downregulated aromatic amino acid metabolism, disturbed glutamine and nucleotide 
      metabolism, and upregulated tricarboxylic acid cycle in FES patients, which 
      existed even in the CHR stage and became more intense with the onset of the 
      schizophrenia. Moreover, differential metabolites can be considered as potential 
      diagnostic biomarkers and indicate the severity of the different clinical stages 
      of disease. Furthermore, three disordered pathways were closely related to 
      peripheral indicators of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, blood-brain 
      barrier damage, and salivary microbiota. These results indicate that the disorder 
      of oral metabolism occurs earlier than the onset of schizophrenia and is 
      concentrated and intensified with the onset of disease, which may originate from 
      the dysbiotic salivary microbiota and cause the onset of schizophrenia through 
      the peripheral inflammatory response and redox system, suggesting the importance 
      of oral-brain connection in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
FAU - Cui, Gaoping
AU  - Cui G
AD  - Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and 
      Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 
      Shanghai 200030, China.
FAU - Qing, Ying
AU  - Qing Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5846-9248
AD  - Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and 
      Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 
      Shanghai 200030, China.
FAU - Li, Minghui
AU  - Li M
AD  - Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and 
      Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 
      Shanghai 200030, China.
FAU - Sun, Liya
AU  - Sun L
AD  - Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and 
      Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 
      Shanghai 200030, China.
FAU - Zhang, Juan
AU  - Zhang J
AD  - Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and 
      Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 
      Shanghai 200030, China.
FAU - Feng, Lei
AU  - Feng L
AD  - Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, 
      China.
FAU - Li, Jing
AU  - Li J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4602-3227
AD  - Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 
      Shanghai 200240, China.
FAU - Chen, Tianlu
AU  - Chen T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1798-5435
AD  - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational 
      Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 
      Shanghai 200233, China.
FAU - Wang, Jijun
AU  - Wang J
AD  - Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 
      Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, China.
FAU - Wan, Chunling
AU  - Wan C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0372-0041
AD  - Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and 
      Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 
      Shanghai 200030, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20211007
PL  - United States
TA  - J Proteome Res
JT  - Journal of proteome research
JID - 101128775
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Metabolomics/methods
MH  - Prodromal Symptoms
MH  - *Psychotic Disorders
MH  - *Schizophrenia/diagnosis/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - aromatic amino acid metabolism
OT  - clinical high risk of psychosis
OT  - glutamine and nucleotide metabolism
OT  - metabolomics
OT  - schizophrenia
OT  - tricarboxylic acid cycle
EDAT- 2021/10/08 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/26 06:00
CRDT- 2021/10/07 17:13
PHST- 2021/10/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/07 17:13 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00504 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Proteome Res. 2021 Nov 5;20(11):5010-5023. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00504. 
      Epub 2021 Oct 7.