PMID- 34623225
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220124
LR  - 20230107
IS  - 2164-554X (Electronic)
IS  - 2164-5515 (Print)
IS  - 2164-5515 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 11
DP  - 2021 Nov 2
TI  - Presence of high-risk HPVs, EBV, and MMTV in human triple-negative breast cancer.
PG  - 4457-4466
LID - 10.1080/21645515.2021.1975452 [doi]
AB  - Breast cancer, the most frequent disease amongst women worldwide, accounts for 
      the highest cancer-related mortality rate. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) 
      subtype encompasses ~15% of all breast cancers and lack estrogen, progesterone, 
      and HER2 receptors. Although risk factors for breast cancer are well-known, 
      factors underpinning breast cancer onset and progression remain unknown. Recent 
      studies suggest the plausible role of oncoviruses including human 
      papillomaviruses (HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and mouse mammary tumor virus 
      (MMTV) in breast cancer pathogenesis. However, the role of these oncoviruses in 
      TNBC is still unclear. In the current study, we explored the status of high-risk 
      HPVs, EBV, and MMTV in a well-defined TNBC cohort from Croatia in comparison to 
      16 normal/non TNBC samples (controls) using polymerase chain reaction assay. We 
      found high-risk HPVs and EBV present in 37/70 (53%) and 25/70 (36%) of the cases, 
      respectively. The most common HPV types are 52, 45, 31, 58 and 68. We found 16% 
      of the samples positive for co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV. Moreover, our 
      data revealed that 5/70 (7%) samples are positive for MMTV. In addition, only 
      2/70 (3%) samples had co-presence of HPVs, EBV, and MMTV without any significant 
      association with the clinicopathological variables. While, 6/16 (37.5%) controls 
      were positive for HPV (p = .4), EBV was absent in all controls (0/16, 0%) (p 
      = .01). In addition, we did not find the co-presence of the oncoviruses in the 
      controls (p > .05). Nevertheless, further investigations are essential to 
      understand the underlying mechanisms of multiple-oncogenic viruses' interaction 
      in breast carcinogenesis, especially TNBC.
FAU - Gupta, Ishita
AU  - Gupta I
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8627-3186
AD  - College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
AD  - Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, 
      Qatar.
AD  - Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
FAU - Ulamec, Monika
AU  - Ulamec M
AD  - College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
AD  - Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, 
      Qatar.
AD  - Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice 
      University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
AD  - Department of Pathology and Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic 
      Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
FAU - Peric-Balja, Melita
AU  - Peric-Balja M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4871-9677
AD  - College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
AD  - Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, 
      Qatar.
AD  - Oncological Pathology Department, Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology 
      and Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
FAU - Ramic, Snjezana
AU  - Ramic S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5916-8815
AD  - College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
AD  - Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, 
      Qatar.
AD  - Oncological Pathology Department, Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology 
      and Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
FAU - Al Moustafa, Ala-Eddin
AU  - Al Moustafa AE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4452-3439
AD  - College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
AD  - Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, 
      Qatar.
AD  - Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
FAU - Vranic, Semir
AU  - Vranic S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9743-7265
AD  - College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
AD  - Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, 
      Qatar.
FAU - Al-Farsi, Halema F
AU  - Al-Farsi HF
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4278-1189
AD  - College of Medicine, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
AD  - Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qu Health, Qatar University, Doha, 
      Qatar.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20211008
PL  - United States
TA  - Hum Vaccin Immunother
JT  - Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
JID - 101572652
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Breast Neoplasms
MH  - *Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
MH  - Female
MH  - Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
MH  - Mice
MH  - Papillomaviridae/genetics
MH  - *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
PMC - PMC8828071
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Epstein-Barr virus
OT  - Triple-negative breast cancer
OT  - human papillomavirus
OT  - mouse mammary tumor virus
COIS- No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
EDAT- 2021/10/09 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/27 06:00
PMCR- 2021/10/08
CRDT- 2021/10/08 12:15
PHST- 2021/10/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/08 12:15 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1975452 [pii]
AID - 10.1080/21645515.2021.1975452 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Nov 2;17(11):4457-4466. doi: 
      10.1080/21645515.2021.1975452. Epub 2021 Oct 8.