PMID- 34623423 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230202 LR - 20230923 IS - 1367-4811 (Electronic) IS - 1367-4803 (Print) IS - 1367-4803 (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 4 DP - 2022 Jan 27 TI - Clustering spatial transcriptomics data. PG - 997-1004 LID - 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab704 [doi] AB - MOTIVATION: Recent advancements in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques enable them to concurrently obtain information on the location and gene expression of single cells. A key question in the initial analysis of such spatial transcriptomics data is the assignment of cell types. To date, most studies used methods that only rely on the expression levels of the genes in each cell for such assignments. To fully utilize the data and to improve the ability to identify novel sub-types, we developed a new method, FICT, which combines both expression and neighborhood information when assigning cell types. RESULTS: FICT optimizes a probabilistic function that we formalize and for which we provide learning and inference algorithms. We used FICT to analyze both simulated and several real spatial transcriptomics data. As we show, FICT can accurately identify cell types and sub-types, improving on expression only methods and other methods proposed for clustering spatial transcriptomics data. Some of the spatial sub-types identified by FICT provide novel hypotheses about the new functions for excitatory and inhibitory neurons. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: FICT is available at: https://github.com/haotianteng/FICT. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - Teng, Haotian AU - Teng H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0337-8722 AD - Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. FAU - Yuan, Ye AU - Yuan Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4270-8002 AD - Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai 200240, China. FAU - Bar-Joseph, Ziv AU - Bar-Joseph Z AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3430-6051 AD - Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. LA - eng GR - U24 CA268108/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - U54 AG075931/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - 1R01GM122096/NH/NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - Bioinformatics JT - Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) JID - 9808944 SB - IM EIN - Bioinformatics. 2023 Sep 2;39(9):. PMID: 37738522 MH - *Transcriptome MH - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence MH - *Gene Expression Profiling/methods MH - Algorithms MH - Cluster Analysis PMC - PMC8796363 EDAT- 2021/10/09 06:00 MHDA- 2023/02/03 06:00 PMCR- 2022/10/08 CRDT- 2021/10/08 12:20 PHST- 2021/04/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/08/28 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/10/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/10/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/02/03 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/08 12:20 [entrez] PHST- 2022/10/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 6384569 [pii] AID - btab704 [pii] AID - 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab704 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Bioinformatics. 2022 Jan 27;38(4):997-1004. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab704.