PMID- 34624762
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211208
LR  - 20211214
IS  - 1095-7103 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9797 (Linking)
VI  - 608
IP  - Pt 1
DP  - 2022 Feb 15
TI  - Exploration on structural rules of highly efficient flame retardant unsaturated 
      polyester resins.
PG  - 142-157
LID - S0021-9797(21)01583-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.124 [doi]
AB  - Owing to the lack of research on structure-activity relationship and interaction 
      mechanism between unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) and flame retardants, it has 
      been a big challenge to prepare high-efficiency flame retardants for UPR in 
      industry. In this research, to explore structural rules of high-efficiency flame 
      retardants, several polymeric flame retardants were synthesized with varied 
      main-chain, side-chain, phosphorus valence states and contents of flame retardant 
      elements. The thermal stabilities of flame retardants and UPR composites were 
      firstly assessed. It has been found the interaction existed between flame 
      retardants and UPR, through transesterification reaction and beta scission pathway 
      in polyester and polystyrene chains. With only 15 wt% of PCH(3)-S, UPR composites 
      can reach V0 rating in UL-94. The PHRR and THR values can be maximumly decreased 
      by 71.66 % and 77.67 %, with 20 wt% of PB-S. It has been found flame retardants 
      with sulfone group and + 3 valence state of phosphorus in molecular backbone can 
      release SO(2) and phosphorus containing compounds in gaseous phase, which diluted 
      fuel fragments and catalyzed H⋅ and HO⋅ radical removal. The mechanism for 
      improved flame retardancy of UPR composites with various polymeric flame 
      retardants were discussed in detail. Some general rules for highly efficient 
      flame retardant UPR can be summarized: First, gaseous phase flame retardant 
      mechanism plays the major role in improvement of flame retardant performance of 
      UPR composites; Second, the combination of + 3 valence state of phosphorus 
      structures, higher phosphorus contents and sulfone groups effectively improves 
      the flame retardant efficiency of flame retardants.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.
FAU - Chu, Fukai
AU  - Chu F
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
FAU - Qiu, Shuilai
AU  - Qiu S
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
FAU - Zhang, Shenghe
AU  - Zhang S
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
FAU - Xu, Zhoumei
AU  - Xu Z
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
FAU - Zhou, Yifan
AU  - Zhou Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
FAU - Luo, Xiaoyu
AU  - Luo X
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
FAU - Jiang, Xin
AU  - Jiang X
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
FAU - Song, Lei
AU  - Song L
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
FAU - Hu, Weizhao
AU  - Hu W
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China. Electronic address: 
      hwz1988@ustc.edu.cn.
FAU - Hu, Yuan
AU  - Hu Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China. Electronic address: 
      yuanhu@ustc.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210924
PL  - United States
TA  - J Colloid Interface Sci
JT  - Journal of colloid and interface science
JID - 0043125
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Polyesters)
RN  - 0 (Polymers)
RN  - 27YLU75U4W (Phosphorus)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Flame Retardants
MH  - Phosphorus
MH  - Polyesters
MH  - Polymers
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Highly efficient flame retardants
OT  - Interaction mechanism
OT  - Structural rules
OT  - Thermal behavior
OT  - Unsaturated polyester resins
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2021/10/09 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2021/10/08 20:30
PHST- 2021/08/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/09/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/08 20:30 [entrez]
AID - S0021-9797(21)01583-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.124 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Colloid Interface Sci. 2022 Feb 15;608(Pt 1):142-157. doi: 
      10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.124. Epub 2021 Sep 24.