PMID- 34646783
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211018
LR  - 20220401
IS  - 2235-2988 (Electronic)
IS  - 2235-2988 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2021
TI  - Exhausting T Cells During HIV Infection May Improve the Prognosis of Patients 
      with COVID-19.
PG  - 564938
LID - 10.3389/fcimb.2021.564938 [doi]
LID - 564938
AB  - T-cell reduction is an important characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 
      (COVID-19), and its immunopathology is a subject of debate. It may be due to the 
      direct effect of the virus on T-cell exhaustion or indirectly due to T cells 
      redistributing to the lungs. HIV/AIDS naturally served as a T-cell exhaustion 
      disease model for recognizing how the immune system works in the course of 
      COVID-19. In this study, we collected the clinical charts, T-lymphocyte analysis, 
      and chest CT of HIV patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection who 
      were admitted to Jin Yin-tan Hospital (Wuhan, China). The median age of the 21 
      patients was 47 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 40-50 years] and the median 
      CD4 T-cell count was 183 cells/mul (IQR = 96-289 cells/mul). Eleven HIV patients 
      were in the non-AIDS stage and 10 were in the AIDS stage. Nine patients received 
      antiretroviral treatment (ART) and 12 patients did not receive any treatment. 
      Compared to the reported mortality rate (nearly 4%-10%) and severity rate (up to 
      20%-40%) among COVID-19 patients in hospital, a benign duration with 0% severity 
      and mortality rates was shown by 21 HIV/AIDS patients. The severity rates of 
      COVID-19 were comparable between non-AIDS (median CD4 = 287 cells/mul) and AIDS 
      (median CD4 = 97 cells/mul) patients, despite some of the AIDS patients having 
      baseline lung injury stimulated by HIV: 7 patients (33%) were mild (five in the 
      non-AIDS group and two in the AIDS group) and 14 patients (67%) were moderate 
      (six in the non-AIDS group and eight in the AIDS group). More importantly, we 
      found that a reduction in T-cell number positively correlates with the serum 
      levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), which is contrary to 
      the reported findings on the immune response of COVID-19 patients (lower CD4 
      T-cell counts with higher levels of IL-6 and CRP). In HIV/AIDS, a compromised 
      immune system with lower CD4 T-cell counts might waive the clinical symptoms and 
      inflammatory responses, which suggests lymphocyte redistribution as an 
      immunopathology leading to lymphopenia in COVID-19.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Lin, Lin, Wang, Wen, Xiang, Fan, Li, Wu, Lin, Lin, Sun, Chen, 
      Chen, Lian, Xie, Lin, Xie, Li, Peng, Wang, Lin, Chen, Huang and Fu.
FAU - Lin, Hua-Song
AU  - Lin HS
AD  - Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical 
      University, Quanzhou, China.
FAU - Lin, Xiao-Hong
AU  - Lin XH
AD  - Department of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 
      Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Wang, Jian-Wen
AU  - Wang JW
AD  - Department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease, Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, 
      China.
FAU - Wen, Dan-Ning
AU  - Wen DN
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases, Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Xiang, Jie
AU  - Xiang J
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Fan, Yan-Qing
AU  - Fan YQ
AD  - Department of Radiology, Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Li, Hua-Dong
AU  - Li HD
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases, Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Wu, Jing
AU  - Wu J
AD  - Department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease, Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, 
      China.
FAU - Lin, Yi
AU  - Lin Y
AD  - Department of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 
      Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Lin, Ya-Lan
AU  - Lin YL
AD  - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated 
      Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
FAU - Sun, Xu-Ri
AU  - Sun XR
AD  - Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian 
      Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
FAU - Chen, Yun-Feng
AU  - Chen YF
AD  - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated 
      Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
FAU - Chen, Chuan-Juan
AU  - Chen CJ
AD  - Department of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 
      Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Lian, Ning-Fang
AU  - Lian NF
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical 
      University, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Xie, Han-Sheng
AU  - Xie HS
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical 
      University, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Lin, Shou-Hong
AU  - Lin SH
AD  - Department of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 
      Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Xie, Qun-Fang
AU  - Xie QF
AD  - Department of General Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical 
      University, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Li, Chao-Wei
AU  - Li CW
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical 
      University, Quanzhou, China.
FAU - Peng, Fang-Zhan
AU  - Peng FZ
AD  - Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical 
      University, Quanzhou, China.
FAU - Wang, Ning
AU  - Wang N
AD  - Department of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 
      Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Lin, Jian-Qing
AU  - Lin JQ
AD  - Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian 
      Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
FAU - Chen, Wan-Jin
AU  - Chen WJ
AD  - Department of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 
      Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Huang, Chao-Lin
AU  - Huang CL
AD  - Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Fu, Ying
AU  - Fu Y
AD  - Department of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 
      Fuzhou, China.
AD  - Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210927
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Cell Infect Microbiol
JT  - Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
JID - 101585359
RN  - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anti-Retroviral Agents
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
MH  - *COVID-19
MH  - *HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lymphocyte Count
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
PMC - PMC8502810
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - HIV
OT  - T cells
OT  - T-cell exhaustion
OT  - lymphocyte redistribution
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/10/15 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/21 06:00
PMCR- 2021/09/27
CRDT- 2021/10/14 06:38
PHST- 2020/07/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/14 06:38 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fcimb.2021.564938 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Sep 27;11:564938. doi: 
      10.3389/fcimb.2021.564938. eCollection 2021.