PMID- 34648228
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220316
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1942-7611 (Electronic)
IS  - 1942-7603 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 11-12
DP  - 2021 Nov
TI  - Sensitive detection of testosterone and testosterone prohormone administrations 
      based on urinary concentrations and carbon isotope ratios of androsterone and 
      etiocholanolone.
PG  - 1835-1851
LID - 10.1002/dta.3168 [doi]
AB  - The testing strategy for the detection of testosterone (T) or T-prohormones is 
      based on the longitudinal evaluation of urinary steroid concentrations 
      accompanied by subsequent isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS)-based 
      confirmation of samples showing atypical concentrations or concentration ratios. 
      In recent years, the IRMS methodology focussed more and more on T itself and on 
      the metabolites of T, 5alpha- and 5beta-androstanediol. These target analytes showed the 
      best sensitivity and retrospectivity, but their use has occasionally been 
      challenging due to their comparably low urinary concentrations. Conversely, the 
      carbon isotope ratios (CIR) of the main urinary metabolites of T, androsterone 
      (A) and etiocholanolone (EITO), can readily be measured even from low urine 
      volumes; those however, commonly offer a lower sensitivity and shorter 
      retrospectivity in uncovering T misuse. Within this study, the CIRs of A and ETIO 
      were combined with their urinary concentrations, resulting in a single parameter 
      referred to as 'difference from weighted mean' (DWM). Both glucuronidated and 
      sulfated steroids were investigated, encompassing a reference population 
      (n = 110), longitudinal studies on three individuals, influence of ethanol in two 
      individuals, and re-analysis of several administration studies including T, 
      dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, epiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 
      and T-gel. Especially DWM calculated for the sulfoconjugated steroids 
      significantly prolonged the detection time of steroid hormone administrations 
      when individual reference ranges were applied. Administration studies employing T 
      encompassing CIR common for Europe (-23.8 per thousand and -24.4 per thousand) were investigated and, 
      even though for a significantly shorter time period and less pronounced, DWM 
      could demonstrate the exogenous source of T metabolites.
CI  - (c) 2021 The Authors. Drug Testing and Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Piper, Thomas
AU  - Piper T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7462-6693
AD  - Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport 
      University Cologne, Koln, Germany.
FAU - Haenelt, Nadine
AU  - Haenelt N
AD  - Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport 
      University Cologne, Koln, Germany.
FAU - Fussholler, Gregor
AU  - Fussholler G
AD  - Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport 
      University Cologne, Koln, Germany.
FAU - Geyer, Hans
AU  - Geyer H
AD  - Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport 
      University Cologne, Koln, Germany.
FAU - Thevis, Mario
AU  - Thevis M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1535-6451
AD  - Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport 
      University Cologne, Koln, Germany.
AD  - European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA), Cologne/Bonn, 
      Germany.
LA  - eng
GR  - Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community/
GR  - Manfred-Donike Institute for Doping Analysis/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211021
PL  - England
TA  - Drug Test Anal
JT  - Drug testing and analysis
JID - 101483449
RN  - 0 (Carbon Isotopes)
RN  - 0 (Testosterone Congeners)
RN  - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol)
RN  - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone)
RN  - 97CGB1M48I (Etiocholanolone)
RN  - C24W7J5D5R (Androsterone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Androsterone/*analysis/urine
MH  - Carbon Isotopes
MH  - Doping in Sports/prevention & control
MH  - Ethanol/administration & dosage/pharmacology
MH  - Etiocholanolone/*analysis/urine
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Male
MH  - Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/methods
MH  - Testosterone/*analysis/urine
MH  - Testosterone Congeners/*analysis/urine
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - doping
OT  - endogenous carbon isotope ratios
OT  - isotope ratio mass spectrometry
OT  - steroid concentrations
OT  - testosterone
EDAT- 2021/10/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/17 06:00
CRDT- 2021/10/14 12:33
PHST- 2021/09/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/07/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/14 12:33 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/dta.3168 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Drug Test Anal. 2021 Nov;13(11-12):1835-1851. doi: 10.1002/dta.3168. Epub 2021 
      Oct 21.