PMID- 34648770
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211229
LR  - 20211229
IS  - 1532-8600 (Electronic)
IS  - 0026-0495 (Linking)
VI  - 125
DP  - 2021 Dec
TI  - Body mass cycling and predictors of body mass regain and its impact on 
      cardiometabolic health.
PG  - 154912
LID - S0026-0495(21)00212-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154912 [doi]
AB  - Caloric restriction (CR) is the first line intervention to reduce adiposity and 
      total body mass (BM) to improve insulin resistance and ameliorate metabolic 
      derangements. However, the lost adipose mass is difficult to maintain reduced in 
      the long term due to several factors including compensatory changes in orexigenic 
      hormones, adipokine release, pro-inflammatory state, adipose tissue morphology, 
      and resting metabolic rate as a consequence of the caloric deficit. Hence, most 
      patients undergoing a BM reduction intervention ultimately regain the lost mass 
      and too often additional adipose mass overtime, which is hypothesized to have 
      increased deleterious effects chronically. In this mini-review we describe the 
      effects of BM cycling (loss and regain) on insulin resistance and cardiometabolic 
      health and factors that may predict BM regain in clinical studies. We also 
      describe the factors that contribute to the chronic deleterious effects of BM 
      cycling in rodent models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and other metabolic 
      defects. We conclude that most of the improvements in insulin resistance are 
      observed after a profound loss in BM regardless of the diet and that BM cycling 
      abrogates these beneficial effects. We also suggest that more BM cycling studies 
      are needed in rodent models resembling the development of type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM) in humans.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Cornejo, Manuel A
AU  - Cornejo MA
AD  - Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of 
      California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States of America. Electronic address: 
      mcornejo3@ucmerced.edu.
FAU - Ortiz, Rudy M
AU  - Ortiz RM
AD  - Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of 
      California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States of America.
LA  - eng
GR  - T37 MD001480/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20211012
PL  - United States
TA  - Metabolism
JT  - Metabolism: clinical and experimental
JID - 0375267
SB  - IM
MH  - Adipose Tissue/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blood Pressure/*physiology
MH  - Body Weight/*physiology
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
MH  - Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin Resistance/*physiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adipokines
OT  - Ghrelin
OT  - Insulin
OT  - RAAS
OT  - Resting metabolic rate
OT  - T-cells
COIS- Declaration of competing interest None.
EDAT- 2021/10/15 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/30 06:00
CRDT- 2021/10/14 20:11
PHST- 2021/04/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/10/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/14 20:11 [entrez]
AID - S0026-0495(21)00212-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154912 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Metabolism. 2021 Dec;125:154912. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154912. Epub 2021 
      Oct 12.