PMID- 34651489 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211018 LR - 20220427 IS - 1002-1892 (Print) IS - 1002-1892 (Linking) VI - 35 IP - 10 DP - 2021 Oct 15 TI - [In vivo study on the effects of intercellular adhesion operon of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the inflammation associated with bacteria-fungal mixed biofilm]. PG - 1328-1335 LID - 10.7507/1002-1892.202104061 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of intercellular adhesion (ica) operon of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the inflammation associated with mixed biofilm of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans on endotracheal tube material in rabbits. METHODS: The standard strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A (ica operon positive, positive group) and ATCC12228 (ica operon negative, negative group) were taken to prepare a bacterial solution with a concentration of 1x10 (6) CFU/mL, respectively. Then, the two bacterial solutions were mixed with the standard strain of Candida albicans ATCC10231 of the same concentration to prepare a mixed culture solution at a ratio of 1ratio1, respectively. The mixed culture solution was incubated with endotracheal tube material for 24 hours. The formation of mixed biofilm on the surface of the material was observed by scanning electron microscope. Thirty New Zealand rabbits, aged 4-6 months, were divided into two groups ( n=15), and the endotracheal tube materials of the positive group and the negative group that were incubated for 24 hours were implanted beside the trachea. The body mass of rabbits in the two groups was measured before operation and at 1, 3, and 7 days after operation. At 1, 3, and 7 days after operation, the levels of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and monocytechemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) were detected by using an ELISA test kit. At 7 days after operation, the formation of mixed biofilm on the surface of the endotracheal tube materials was observed by scanning electron microscope, the inflammation and infiltration of tissues around the materials were observed by HE staining, and the bacterial infections in heart, lung, liver, and kidney were observed by plate colony counting method. RESULTS: Scanning electron microscope observation showed that the mixed biofilm structure was obvious in the positive group after 24 hours in vitro incubation, but no mixed biofilm formation was observed in the negative group. In vivo studies showed that there was no significant difference in body mass between the two groups before operation and at 1, 3, and 7 days after operation ( P>0.05). Compared with the negative group, the levels of MCP-1 and IL-1beta at 1 day, and the levels of IL-1beta, MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha at 3 and 7 days in the positive group all increased, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Scanning electron microscope observation showed that a large amount of Staphylococcus epidermis and mixed biofilm structure were observed in the positive group, and a very small amount of bacteria was observed in the negative group with no mixed biofilm structure. HE staining of surrounding tissue showed inflammatory cell infiltration in both groups, and neutrophils and lymphocytes were more in the positive group than in the negative group. There was no significant difference in the number of bacterial infections in heart and liver between the two groups ( P>0.05). The number of bacterial infections in lung and kidney in the positive group was higher than that in negative group ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In the mixed infection of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans, the ica operon may strengthen the structure of the biofilm and the spread of the biofilm in vivo, leading to increased inflammatory factors, and the bacteria are difficult to remove and persist. FAU - Zhang, Guojing AU - Zhang G AD - Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650051, P.R.China. FAU - Wan, Zilin AU - Wan Z AD - Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650051, P.R.China. FAU - Wang, Xiaoyan AU - Wang X AD - Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650051, P.R.China. FAU - Huang, Yunchao AU - Huang Y AD - Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming Yunnan, 650118, P.R.China. FAU - Zhou, Youquan AU - Zhou Y AD - Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming Yunnan, 650118, P.R.China. FAU - Chen, Ying AU - Chen Y AD - Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming Yunnan, 650118, P.R.China. FAU - Lei, Yujie AU - Lei Y AD - Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming Yunnan, 650118, P.R.China. FAU - Qiao, Limei AU - Qiao L AD - Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650051, P.R.China. LA - chi PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi JT - Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery JID - 9425194 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Biofilms MH - Candida albicans MH - Inflammation MH - Operon MH - Rabbits MH - *Staphylococcus epidermidis/genetics PMC - PMC8505945 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Biomaterial centered infection OT - Candida albicans OT - Staphylococcus epidermidis OT - intercellular adhesion operon OT - mixed biofilm OT - rabbit COIS- 利益冲突：所有作者声明，在课题研究和文章撰写过程中无利益冲突。课题经费支持没有影响文章观点和对研究数据客观结果的统计分析及其报道。 EDAT- 2021/10/16 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/21 06:00 PMCR- 2021/10/01 CRDT- 2021/10/15 06:59 PHST- 2021/10/15 06:59 [entrez] PHST- 2021/10/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/21 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - zgxfcjwkzz-35-10-1328 [pii] AID - 10.7507/1002-1892.202104061 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021 Oct 15;35(10):1328-1335. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202104061.