PMID- 34651523 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211210 LR - 20220429 IS - 1941-0921 (Electronic) IS - 1941-7381 (Print) IS - 1941-0921 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 1 DP - 2022 Jan-Feb TI - Effects of Training Frequency During a 6-Month Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Movement Competency, Strength, and Power in Male Youth. PG - 57-68 LID - 10.1177/19417381211050005 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Youth populations benefit from neuromuscular training; however, the extent to which training frequency, baseline fitness, and maturity status moderate the response to long-term neuromuscular training in male youth remains unclear. HYPOTHESIS: Twice-weekly training (G2x) would induce larger improvements in movement competency and strength and power kinetics compared with once-weekly training (G1x). Maturity status and baseline fitness would also moderate the training response in strength and power kinetics. STUDY DESIGN: Nonrandomized, repeated-measures design. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: Ninety-five male athletes of varying maturity status (pre- or post-peak height velocity) were divided into G2x, G1x, or control (CON) groups. Training groups received G2x or G1x for 28 weeks. Back squat assessment (BSA) movement competency and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), squat jump (SJ), and countermovement jump (CMJ) kinetics were measured pre- and postintervention. RESULTS: The G2x achieved significantly greater adaptations in BSA total score, IMTP allometrically scaled peak force (PF(allo)), IMTP peak rate-of-force development (PRFD), SJ PF(allo) and PRFD compared with G1x and CON (P < 0.05; d = 0.3-0.9). Baseline fitness, training frequency and maturity status were significant predictors of IMTP PF(allo) (R(2) = 27.5%) and PRFD (R(2) = 42.9%), while a combination of training frequency and baseline fitness explained a small amount of variance in SJ PF(allo) (R(2) = 12.2%) and SJ PRFD (R(2) = 6.5%). There were no significant predictors of CMJ kinetics. CONCLUSION: G2x achieved significantly larger improvements in movement competency, isometric strength and concentric jump variables compared with G1x, with the training response greater in those youth with lower baseline fitness and more advanced maturity status. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Exposure to neuromuscular training twice-weekly elicits a greater response than G1x in young male athletes. Practitioners should take maturity status, training frequency, and baseline fitness levels of young male athletes into account when interpreting testing data, as these variables appear to moderate training responsiveness. FAU - Lloyd, Rhodri S AU - Lloyd RS AD - Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK. AD - Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand. AD - Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton, New Zealand. FAU - Dobbs, Ian J AU - Dobbs IJ AD - Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK. FAU - Wong, Megan A AU - Wong MA AD - Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK. FAU - Moore, Isabel S AU - Moore IS AD - Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK. FAU - Oliver, Jon L AU - Oliver JL AD - Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK. AD - Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20211015 PL - United States TA - Sports Health JT - Sports health JID - 101518422 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Athletes MH - *Athletic Performance MH - Exercise Test MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Movement MH - *Muscle Strength MH - Muscle, Skeletal PMC - PMC8655483 OTO - NOTNLM OT - adolescent OT - children OT - kinetics OT - long-term athletic development OT - resistance training COIS- The authors report no potential conflicts of interest in the development and publication of this article. EDAT- 2021/10/16 06:00 MHDA- 2021/12/15 06:00 PMCR- 2021/10/15 CRDT- 2021/10/15 08:38 PHST- 2021/10/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/12/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/15 08:38 [entrez] PHST- 2021/10/15 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1177_19417381211050005 [pii] AID - 10.1177/19417381211050005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Sports Health. 2022 Jan-Feb;14(1):57-68. doi: 10.1177/19417381211050005. Epub 2021 Oct 15.