PMID- 34657853
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220316
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1878-3627 (Electronic)
IS  - 0922-6028 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021
TI  - Dynamics of biomarkers across the stages of traumatic spinal cord injury - 
      implications for neural plasticity and repair.
PG  - 339-366
LID - 10.3233/RNN-211169 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex medical condition 
      causing significant physical disability and psychological distress. While the 
      adult spinal cord is characterized by poor regenerative potential, some recovery 
      of neurological function is still possible through activation of neural 
      plasticity mechanisms. We still have limited knowledge about the activation of 
      these mechanisms in the different stages after human SCI. OBJECTIVE: In this 
      review, we discuss the potential role of biomarkers of SCI as indicators of the 
      plasticity mechanisms at work during the different phases of SCI. METHODS: An 
      extensive review of literature related to SCI pathophysiology, neural plasticity 
      and humoral biomarkers was conducted by consulting the PubMed database. Research 
      and review articles from SCI animal models and SCI clinical trials published in 
      English until January 2021 were reviewed. The selection of candidates for humoral 
      biomarkers of plasticity after SCI was based on the following criteria: 1) strong 
      evidence supporting involvement in neural plasticity (mandatory); 2) evidence 
      supporting altered expression after SCI (optional). RESULTS: Based on selected 
      findings, we identified two main groups of potential humoral biomarkers of neural 
      plasticity after SCI: 1) neurotrophic factors including: Brain derived 
      neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Nerve growth factor (NGF), Neurotrofin-3 (NT-3), and 
      Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1); 2) other factors including: Tumor necrosis 
      factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), and MicroRNAs (miRNAs). 
      Plasticity changes associated with these biomarkers often can be both adaptive 
      (promoting functional improvement) and maladaptive. This dual role seems to be 
      influenced by their concentrations and time-window during SCI. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Further studies of dynamics of biomarkers across the stages of SCI are necessary 
      to elucidate the way in which they reflect the remodeling of neural pathways. A 
      better knowledge about the mechanisms underlying plasticity could guide the 
      selection of more appropriate therapeutic strategies to enhance positive spinal 
      network reorganization.
FAU - Begenisic, Tatjana
AU  - Begenisic T
AD  - Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of 
      Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
FAU - Pavese, Chiara
AU  - Pavese C
AD  - Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of 
      Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
AD  - Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Units, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, 
      IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
FAU - Aiachini, Beatrice
AU  - Aiachini B
AD  - Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Units, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, 
      IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
FAU - Nardone, Antonio
AU  - Nardone A
AD  - Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of 
      Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
AD  - Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Units, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, 
      IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
FAU - Rossi, Daniela
AU  - Rossi D
AD  - Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, 
      Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Restor Neurol Neurosci
JT  - Restorative neurology and neuroscience
JID - 9005499
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (MicroRNAs)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - *MicroRNAs/metabolism
MH  - Neuronal Plasticity/physiology
MH  - Recovery of Function/physiology
MH  - Spinal Cord/pathology
MH  - *Spinal Cord Injuries/pathology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Spinal cord injury
OT  - biomarkers
OT  - cytokines
OT  - neural plasticity
OT  - neurotrophic factors
EDAT- 2021/10/19 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/17 06:00
CRDT- 2021/10/18 05:36
PHST- 2021/10/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/18 05:36 [entrez]
AID - RNN211169 [pii]
AID - 10.3233/RNN-211169 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2021;39(5):339-366. doi: 10.3233/RNN-211169.