PMID- 34661897
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211020
LR  - 20230315
IS  - 0065-2598 (Print)
IS  - 0065-2598 (Linking)
VI  - 1313
DP  - 2021
TI  - Vaccination Strategies Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: BCG and Beyond.
PG  - 217-240
LID - 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_10 [doi]
AB  - Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium 
      tuberculosis (Mtb) and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality across the 
      globe. The clinical outcome of TB infection and susceptibility varies among 
      individuals and even among different populations, contributed by host genetic 
      factors such as polymorphism in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles as well 
      as in cytokine genes, nutritional differences between populations, 
      immunometabolism, and other environmental factors. Till now, BCG is the only 
      vaccine available to prevent TB but the protection rendered by BCG against 
      pulmonary TB is not uniform. To deliver a vaccine which can give consistent 
      protection against TB is a great challenge with rising burden of drug-resistant 
      TB. Thus, expectations are quite high with new generation vaccines that will 
      improve the efficiency of BCG without showing any discordance for all forms of 
      TB, effective for individual of all ages in all parts of the world. In order to 
      enhance or improve the efficacy of BCG, different strategies are being 
      implemented by considering the immunogenicity of various Mtb virulence factors as 
      well as of the recombinant strains, co-administration with adjuvants and use of 
      appropriate vehicle for delivery. This chapter discusses several such 
      pre-clinical attempts to boost BCG with subunit vaccines tested in murine models 
      and also highlights various recombinant TB vaccines undergoing clinical trials. 
      Promising candidates include new generation of live recombinant BCG (rBCG) 
      vaccines, VPM1002, which are deleted in one or two virulence genes. They encode 
      for the mycobacteria-infected macrophage-inhibitor proteins of host macrophage 
      apoptosis and autophagy, key events in killing and eradication of Mtb. These 
      vaccines are rBCG- DeltaureC::hly HM(R), and rBCG-DeltaureC::hly DeltanuoG. The former 
      vaccine has passed phase IIb in clinical trials involving South African infants 
      and adults. Thus, with an aim of elimination of TB by 2050, all these cumulative 
      efforts to develop a better TB vaccine possibly is new hope for positive 
      outcomes.
CI  - (c) 2021. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
FAU - Ferluga, Janez
AU  - Ferluga J
AD  - Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University 
      London, Uxbridge, UK.
FAU - Yasmin, Hadida
AU  - Yasmin H
AD  - Immunology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar 
      Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India.
FAU - Bhakta, Sanjib
AU  - Bhakta S
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, 
      Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.
FAU - Kishore, Uday
AU  - Kishore U
AD  - Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University 
      London, Uxbridge, UK.
LA  - eng
GR  - G0802079/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Adv Exp Med Biol
JT  - Advances in experimental medicine and biology
JID - 0121103
RN  - 0 (BCG Vaccine)
RN  - 0 (Tuberculosis Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (VPM1002 recombinant BCG vaccine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Animals
MH  - BCG Vaccine
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Mice
MH  - *Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
MH  - *Tuberculosis Vaccines
MH  - Vaccination
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BCG
OT  - Interferon
OT  - Latent tuberculosis
OT  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
OT  - Tuberculosis
OT  - Vaccines
EDAT- 2021/10/19 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/21 06:00
CRDT- 2021/10/18 12:40
PHST- 2021/10/18 12:40 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/21 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_10 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1313:217-240. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_10.