PMID- 34667856
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240403
IS  - 2378-8038 (Print)
IS  - 2378-8038 (Electronic)
IS  - 2378-8038 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021 Oct
TI  - Normative data for ages 18-45 for ocular motor and vestibular testing using eye 
      tracking.
PG  - 1116-1127
LID - 10.1002/lio2.632 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Eye tracking technology has been employed in assessing ocular motor 
      and vestibular function following vestibular and neurologic conditions, including 
      traumatic brain injury (TBI). Assessments include tests that provide visual and 
      motion (rotation) stimuli while recording horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye 
      movements. While some of these tests have shown diagnostic promise in previous 
      studies, their use in clinical practice is limited by the lack of normative data. 
      The goal of this study was to construct normative reference ranges to be used 
      when comparing patients' results. METHODS: Optokinetic response, subjective 
      visual horizontal and vertical, and rotation tests were administered to male and 
      female volunteers, ages 18-45, who were free from neurological, vestibular 
      disorders, or other head injuries. Tests were administered using either a 
      rotatory chair or a portable virtual reality-like goggle equipped with 
      video-oculography. RESULTS: Reference values for eye movements in response to 
      different patterns of stimuli were analyzed from 290 to 449 participants. 
      Analysis of gender (self-reported) or age when grouped as pediatric (late 
      adolescent; 18-21 years of age) and adult (21-45 years of age) revealed no 
      effects on the test metrics. Data were pooled and presented for each test metric 
      as the 95% reference interval (RI) with 90% confidence intervals (CI) on upper 
      and lower limits of the RI. CONCLUSIONS: This normative database can serve as a 
      tool to aid in diagnosis, treatment, and/or rehabilitation protocols for 
      vestibular and neurological conditions, including mild TBI (mTBI). This database 
      has been cleared by the FDA for use in clinical practice (K192186). LEVEL OF 
      EVIDENCE: 2b.
CI  - (c) 2021 The Authors. Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology published by Wiley 
      Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Triological Society.
FAU - Kullmann, Aura
AU  - Kullmann A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6625-2946
AD  - Neurolign USA LLC, A Subsidiary of Neurolign Technologies Inc. (formerly Neuro 
      Kinetics, Inc.) Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.
FAU - Ashmore, Robin C
AU  - Ashmore RC
AD  - Neurolign USA LLC, A Subsidiary of Neurolign Technologies Inc. (formerly Neuro 
      Kinetics, Inc.) Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.
FAU - Braverman, Alexandr
AU  - Braverman A
AD  - The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel.
FAU - Mazur, Christian
AU  - Mazur C
AD  - Neurolign USA LLC, A Subsidiary of Neurolign Technologies Inc. (formerly Neuro 
      Kinetics, Inc.) Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.
FAU - Snapp, Hillary
AU  - Snapp H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2000-5357
AD  - Department of Otolaryngology Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami 
      Florida USA.
FAU - Williams, Erin
AU  - Williams E
AD  - Department of Otolaryngology Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami 
      Florida USA.
FAU - Szczupak, Mikhaylo
AU  - Szczupak M
AD  - Department of Otolaryngology Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami 
      Florida USA.
FAU - Murphy, Sara
AU  - Murphy S
AD  - Naval Medical Center San Diego California USA.
AD  - Department of Defense Hearing Center of Excellence San Antonio Texas USA.
FAU - Marshall, Kathryn
AU  - Marshall K
AD  - Department of Defense Hearing Center of Excellence San Antonio Texas USA.
AD  - Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma Washington USA.
FAU - Crawford, James
AU  - Crawford J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7599-647X
AD  - Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma Washington USA.
FAU - Balaban, Carey D
AU  - Balaban CD
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3570-3844
AD  - Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 
      USA.
FAU - Hoffer, Michael
AU  - Hoffer M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5574-4387
AD  - Department of Otolaryngology Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami 
      Florida USA.
AD  - Department of Neurological Surgery Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami 
      Miami Florida USA.
FAU - Kiderman, Alexander
AU  - Kiderman A
AD  - Neurolign USA LLC, A Subsidiary of Neurolign Technologies Inc. (formerly Neuro 
      Kinetics, Inc.) Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R43 DC014611/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R44 HD100247/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210821
PL  - United States
TA  - Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol
JT  - Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology
JID - 101684963
PMC - PMC8513422
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - NOTC
OT  - Neurolign Dx 100
OT  - concussion
OT  - eye tracking
OT  - mTBI
OT  - mild traumatic brain injury
OT  - neurological conditions
OT  - rotation tests
OT  - vestibular conditions
COIS- Aura Kullmann, Robin C. Ashmore, Christian Mazur, and Alexander Kiderman are/have 
      been employees of Neurolign (formerly known as Neuro Kinetics Inc). The remainder 
      of the authors do not have any conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/10/21 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/21 06:01
PMCR- 2021/08/21
CRDT- 2021/10/20 06:46
PHST- 2021/04/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/07/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/20 06:46 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/21 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - LIO2632 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/lio2.632 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2021 Aug 21;6(5):1116-1127. doi: 
      10.1002/lio2.632. eCollection 2021 Oct.