PMID- 34675511
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211124
LR  - 20231102
IS  - 1178-2013 (Electronic)
IS  - 1176-9114 (Print)
IS  - 1176-9114 (Linking)
VI  - 16
DP  - 2021
TI  - A Simple Route to the Complexation of Lutein with Reduced Graphene Oxide 
      Nanocarriers and Antioxidant Protection Against Blue Light.
PG  - 6843-6860
LID - 10.2147/IJN.S320790 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The excellent physicochemical properties of graphene-based materials, 
      including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO), offer significant 
      technological potential as multifunctional nanomaterials in biomedical fields. 
      Lutein is a type of carotenoid that forms human macular pigments in the retina, 
      where it inhibits harmful blue light and contributes to the strengthening of the 
      antioxidant defense of retinal pigment epithelium cells. METHODS: Synthesis of 
      the Lutein-rGO (Lu-rGO) complex was carried out for the optimized concentration. 
      Then characterization of material was analyzed through ultraviolet-visible 
      spectrophotometer (UV-Vis spectra), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 
      (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission 
      electron microscopy (TEM). Antioxidant activity of Lu-rGO complex was measured by 
      2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 
      2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), glutathione (GSH) oxidation assay. Then, 
      oxidative stress induction by blue light and analyzed intracellular reactive 
      oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Based on the FT-IR measurement, the 
      reduction efficiency defined by area was found to be 87.3%, the I(D)/I(G) ratio 
      of 0.98 demonstrated by the Lu-rGO complex in the Raman spectrum was slightly 
      higher than that of the original GO. The exhibited significant decrease in the 
      peak intensities of the oxygen functional groups of the XPS spectra of the Lu-rGO 
      complex was observed compared with the GO. In the TEM image for the Lu-rGO 
      complex, folded and wrinkled nanostructures over the lutein-covered rGO surface 
      were evidenced by tight molecular binding. The Lu-rGO complex provided superior 
      DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity than GO and lutein alone, and the 
      oxidation of GSH was suppressed. It was confirmed that the content of 
      intracellular ROS and lysosomes, increased by blue light, was reduced after 
      treatment with the Lu-rGO complex on ARPE-19 cells. In summary, graphene-based 
      nanocarriers could function as preventative antioxidants during photochemical ROS 
      generation based on the mechanism of antioxidant action.
CI  - (c) 2021 Chae et al.
FAU - Chae, Seon Yeong
AU  - Chae SY
AD  - Research Center for Dielectric and Advanced Matter Physics, Pusan National 
      University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Shin, Min Chan
AU  - Shin MC
AD  - Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and 
      Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan 
      National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Jeon, Sangheon
AU  - Jeon S
AD  - Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and 
      Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan 
      National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kang, Moon Sung
AU  - Kang MS
AD  - Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and 
      Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan 
      National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Han, Dong-Wook
AU  - Han DW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8314-1981
AD  - Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and 
      Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan 
      National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Hong, Suck Won
AU  - Hong SW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7291-1020
AD  - Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and 
      Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan 
      National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211007
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Int J Nanomedicine
JT  - International journal of nanomedicine
JID - 101263847
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Oxides)
RN  - 0 (graphene oxide)
RN  - 7782-42-5 (Graphite)
RN  - X72A60C9MT (Lutein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antioxidants
MH  - *Graphite
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lutein
MH  - Oxides
MH  - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PMC - PMC8505195
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - antioxidant
OT  - blue light
OT  - lutein
OT  - nanocarrier
OT  - reduced graphene oxide
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2021/10/23 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/25 06:00
PMCR- 2021/10/07
CRDT- 2021/10/22 06:44
PHST- 2021/05/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/22 06:44 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 320790 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/IJN.S320790 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Nanomedicine. 2021 Oct 7;16:6843-6860. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S320790. 
      eCollection 2021.