PMID- 34681283
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240403
IS  - 1424-8247 (Print)
IS  - 1424-8247 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8247 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 10
DP  - 2021 Oct 19
TI  - Physicochemical Characteristics and In Vitro Toxicity/Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of 
      Favipiravir Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs).
LID - 10.3390/ph14101059 [doi]
LID - 1059
AB  - The rise of coronavirus (COVID-19) cases worldwide has driven the need to 
      discover and develop novel therapeutics with superior efficacy to treat this 
      disease. This study aims to develop an innovative aerosolized nano-formulation of 
      favipiravir (FPV) as an anti-viral agent against coronavirus infection. The local 
      delivery of FPV nanoparticles (NPs) via nebulization ensures that the drug can 
      reach the site of infection, the lungs. Solid lipid NPs of favipiravir (FPV-SLNs) 
      were formulated utilizing the hot-evaporation method. The physicochemical 
      formulation properties were evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), 
      Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning 
      calorimetry (DSC). The aerosol formulation performance was evaluated using an 
      Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI) at a flow rate of 15 L/min. The FPV-SLN 
      formulation's in vitro anti-viral activity against severe acute respiratory 
      syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was also evaluated using the SARS-CoV-2 
      pathogen (hCoV-19/Egypt/NRC-3/2020 isolate). The FPV-SLNs' morphology was defined 
      utilizing transmission electron microscopy, showing an irregular shape. By means 
      of FPV-SLNs' nebulization, a fine particle fraction of 60.2 +/- 1.7% was produced 
      with 60.2 +/- 1.7%, and this finding suggests that FPV-SLNs were appropriate for 
      inhalation drug delivery with a particle size of 537.6 +/- 55.72 nm. Importantly, 
      the FPV-SLNs showed anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with CC(50) and IC50 
      values of 449.6 and 29.9 microg/mL, respectively. This study suggests that inhaled 
      solid lipid NPs of favipiravir could potentially be used against coronavirus.
FAU - Tulbah, Alaa S
AU  - Tulbah AS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9991-7801
AD  - Pharmaceutics Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 
      24243, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Lee, Wing-Hin
AU  - Lee WH
AD  - Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, 
      Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL RCMP), Perak 30450, Malaysia.
LA  - eng
GR  - 20-MED-4-13-0007./Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211019
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
JT  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101238453
PMC - PMC8540419
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - coronavirus
OT  - favipiravir
OT  - inhalation
OT  - nebulizer
OT  - solid lipid nanoparticle
COIS- The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2021/10/24 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/24 06:01
PMCR- 2021/10/19
CRDT- 2021/10/23 01:06
PHST- 2021/07/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/09/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/23 01:06 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ph14101059 [pii]
AID - pharmaceuticals-14-01059 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ph14101059 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Oct 19;14(10):1059. doi: 10.3390/ph14101059.