PMID- 34683712
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211026
IS  - 1996-1944 (Print)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Electronic)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 20
DP  - 2021 Oct 15
TI  - Synthetic Material for Bone, Periodontal, and Dental Tissue Regeneration: Where 
      Are We Now, and Where Are We Heading Next?
LID - 10.3390/ma14206123 [doi]
LID - 6123
AB  - Alloplasts are synthetic, inorganic, biocompatible bone substitutes that function 
      as defect fillers to repair skeletal defects. The acceptance of these substitutes 
      by host tissues is determined by the pore diameter and the porosity and 
      inter-connectivity. This narrative review appraises recent developments, 
      characterization, and biological performance of different synthetic materials for 
      bone, periodontal, and dental tissue regeneration. They include calcium phosphate 
      cements and their variants beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) ceramics and biphasic 
      calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-TCP ceramics), calcium sulfate, 
      bioactive glasses and polymer-based bone substitutes which include variants of 
      polycaprolactone. In summary, the search for synthetic bone substitutes remains 
      elusive with calcium compounds providing the best synthetic substitute. The 
      combination of calcium sulphate and beta-TCP provides improved handling of the 
      materials, dispensing with the need for a traditional membrane in guided bone 
      regeneration. Evidence is supportive of improved angiogenesis at the recipient 
      sites. One such product, (EthOss((R)) Regeneration, Silesden, UK) has won numerous 
      awards internationally as a commercial success. Bioglasses and polymers, which 
      have been used as medical devices, are still in the experimental stage for dental 
      application. Polycaprolactone-TCP, one of the products in this category is 
      currently undergoing further randomized clinical trials as a 3D socket 
      preservation filler. These aforementioned products may have vast potential for 
      substituting human/animal-based bone grafts.
FAU - Cheah, Chia Wei
AU  - Cheah CW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5795-4249
AD  - Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
FAU - Al-Namnam, Nisreen Mohammed
AU  - Al-Namnam NM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1832-8496
AD  - School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 
      Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, UK.
FAU - Lau, May Nak
AU  - Lau MN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5896-2753
AD  - Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
FAU - Lim, Ghee Seong
AU  - Lim GS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2236-1555
AD  - Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
FAU - Raman, Renukanth
AU  - Raman R
AD  - Oral Health Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia.
FAU - Fairbairn, Peter
AU  - Fairbairn P
AD  - Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, 
      University of Detroit Mercy, 2700 Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard, Detroit, MI 
      48208, USA.
FAU - Ngeow, Wei Cheong
AU  - Ngeow WC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4354-3518
AD  - Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20211015
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Materials (Basel)
JT  - Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101555929
PMC - PMC8537464
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - bioglass
OT  - bone substitute
OT  - hydroxyapatite
OT  - polymers
OT  - synthetic
COIS- All authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2021/10/24 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/24 06:01
PMCR- 2021/10/15
CRDT- 2021/10/23 01:16
PHST- 2021/08/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/10/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/23 01:16 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ma14206123 [pii]
AID - materials-14-06123 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ma14206123 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Materials (Basel). 2021 Oct 15;14(20):6123. doi: 10.3390/ma14206123.