PMID- 34690944
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211026
IS  - 1664-302X (Print)
IS  - 1664-302X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-302X (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Long-Term Mootral Application Impacts Methane Production and the Microbial 
      Community in the Rumen Simulation Technique System.
PG  - 691502
LID - 10.3389/fmicb.2021.691502 [doi]
LID - 691502
AB  - Methane emissions by ruminants contribute to global warming and result in a loss 
      of dietary energy for the animals. One possibility of reducing methane emissions 
      is by dietary strategies. In the present trial, we investigated the long-term 
      effects of Mootral, a feed additive consisting of garlic powder (Allium sativum) 
      and bitter orange extracts (Citrus aurantium), on fermentation parameters and the 
      microbial community in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system. The 
      experiment lasted 38 days and was divided into three phases: an equilibration 
      period of 7 days, a baseline period (BL) of 3 days, and experimental period (EP) 
      of 28 days. Twelve fermentation vessels were divided into three groups (n = 4): 
      control (CON), short-term (ST), and long-term (LT) application. From day 11 to 
      day 27, 1.7 g of Mootral was added to the ST vessels; LT vessels received 1.7 g 
      of Mootral daily for the entire EP. With the onset of Mootral application, 
      methane production was significantly reduced in both groups until day 18. 
      Thereafter, the production rate returned to the initial quantity. Furthermore, 
      the short chain fatty acid fermentation profile was significantly altered by 
      Mootral application; the molar proportion of acetate decreased, while the 
      proportions of propionate and butyrate increased. Metabolomic analysis revealed 
      further changes in metabolite concentrations associated with the Mootral 
      supplementation period. The methyl coenzyme-M reductase gene copy number was 
      reduced in the liquid and solid phase, whereas the treatment did not affect the 
      abundance of bacteria. At the end of the BL, Methanomicrobia was the most 
      abundant archaeal class. Mootral supplementation induced an increase in the 
      relative abundance of Methanomassiliicoccales and a reduction in the relative 
      abundance of Methanomicrobia, however, this effect was transient. Abundances of 
      bacterial families were only marginally altered by the treatment. In conclusion, 
      Mootral has the transient ability to reduce methane production significantly due 
      to a selective effect on archaea numbers and archaeal community composition with 
      little effect on the bacterial community.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Brede, Peukert, Egert, Breves and Brede.
FAU - Brede, Johanna
AU  - Brede J
AD  - Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine 
      Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
FAU - Peukert, Manuela
AU  - Peukert M
AD  - Department of Safety and Quality of Meat, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research 
      Institute of Nutrition and Food, Kulmbach, Germany.
FAU - Egert, Bjorn
AU  - Egert B
AD  - Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, 
      Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany.
FAU - Breves, Gerhard
AU  - Breves G
AD  - Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine 
      Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
FAU - Brede, Melanie
AU  - Brede M
AD  - Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine 
      Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211008
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Microbiol
JT  - Frontiers in microbiology
JID - 101548977
PMC - PMC8531547
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - RUSITEC
OT  - cattle
OT  - garlic
OT  - methane
OT  - microbial community
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/10/26 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/26 06:01
PMCR- 2021/10/08
CRDT- 2021/10/25 06:25
PHST- 2021/04/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/25 06:25 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fmicb.2021.691502 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Microbiol. 2021 Oct 8;12:691502. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.691502. 
      eCollection 2021.