PMID- 34691993 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20211026 IS - 2053-714X (Electronic) IS - 2095-5138 (Print) IS - 2053-714X (Linking) VI - 6 IP - 6 DP - 2019 Nov TI - Sin1-mediated mTOR signaling in cell growth, metabolism and immune response. PG - 1149-1162 LID - 10.1093/nsr/nwz171 [doi] AB - The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase with essential cellular function via processing various extracellular and intracellular inputs. Two distinct multi-protein mTOR complexes (mTORC), mTORC1 and mTORC2, have been identified and well characterized in eukaryotic cells from yeast to human. Sin1, which stands for Sty1/Spc1-interacting protein1, also known as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) associated protein (MAPKAP)1, is an evolutionarily conserved adaptor protein. Mammalian Sin1 interacts with many cellular proteins, but it has been widely studied as an essential component of mTORC2, and it is crucial not only for the assembly of mTORC2 but also for the regulation of its substrate specificity. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the structure and functions of Sin1, focusing specifically on its protein interaction network and its roles in the mTOR pathway that could account for various cellular functions of mTOR in growth, metabolism, immunity and cancer. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd. FAU - Ruan, Chun AU - Ruan C AD - Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China. FAU - Ouyang, Xinxing AU - Ouyang X AD - Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China. FAU - Liu, Hongzhi AU - Liu H AD - Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China. FAU - Li, Song AU - Li S AD - Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China. FAU - Jin, Jingsi AU - Jin J AD - Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China. FAU - Tang, Weiyi AU - Tang W AD - Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. FAU - Xia, Yu AU - Xia Y AD - Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. FAU - Su, Bing AU - Su B AD - Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China. AD - Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20191119 PL - China TA - Natl Sci Rev JT - National science review JID - 101633095 PMC - PMC8291397 OTO - NOTNLM OT - AGC kinases OT - Akt OT - Sin1 OT - mTOR complex OT - metabolism and immune response EDAT- 2019/11/01 00:00 MHDA- 2019/11/01 00:01 PMCR- 2019/11/19 CRDT- 2021/10/25 06:33 PHST- 2019/09/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/10/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/10/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/10/25 06:33 [entrez] PHST- 2019/11/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/11/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 2019/11/19 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nwz171 [pii] AID - 10.1093/nsr/nwz171 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Natl Sci Rev. 2019 Nov;6(6):1149-1162. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwz171. Epub 2019 Nov 19.