PMID- 34695117
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211203
LR  - 20240403
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 10
DP  - 2021
TI  - Does +/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) induce subjective feelings of 
      social connection in humans? A multilevel meta-analysis.
PG  - e0258849
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0258849 [doi]
LID - e0258849
AB  - 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a psychostimulant known for producing 
      positive subjective effects and for enhancing social functioning and social 
      connection in both clinical and recreational settings. Over the past two decades, 
      scientists have begun to study the psychological effects of MDMA through rigorous 
      placebo-controlled experimental work. However, most existing studies have small 
      Ns, and the average sizes of the reported effects are unknown, creating 
      uncertainty about the impact of these findings. The goal of the present study was 
      to quantify the strength of MDMA's effects on self-reported social connection by 
      aggregating sociability-related outcomes across multiple placebo-controlled 
      studies. To this end, we conducted a multilevel meta-analysis based on 27 
      studies, 54 effect sizes, and a total of 592 participants. The results revealed a 
      moderate-to-large effect (d = 0.86; 95% CI [0.68, 1.04]; r = .39; 95% CI [.32, 
      .46]) of MDMA on self-reported sociability-related outcomes (e.g., feeling 
      loving, talkative, and friendly). Given the magnitude of its effect on felt 
      sociability, we propose that MDMA may have powerful implications for a variety of 
      social contexts and for clinical settings, in particular. Finally, we discuss 
      potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between MDMA and 
      sociability-related feelings, as well as future directions for experimental work 
      in this area.
FAU - Regan, Annie
AU  - Regan A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9780-0981
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 
      United States of America.
FAU - Margolis, Seth
AU  - Margolis S
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 
      United States of America.
FAU - de Wit, Harriet
AU  - de Wit H
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 
      Chicago, IL, United States of America.
FAU - Lyubomirsky, Sonja
AU  - Lyubomirsky S
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 
      United States of America.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Meta-Analysis
DEP - 20211025
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Emotions/*drug effects
MH  - Empathy/*drug effects
MH  - Hallucinogens/*pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*pharmacology
MH  - *Social Behavior
PMC - PMC8544845
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2021/10/26 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2021/10/25
CRDT- 2021/10/25 17:20
PHST- 2021/04/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/10/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/25 17:20 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-21-10842 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0258849 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2021 Oct 25;16(10):e0258849. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258849. 
      eCollection 2021.