PMID- 34706840 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220126 LR - 20220126 IS - 1873-2518 (Electronic) IS - 0264-410X (Linking) VI - 39 IP - 47 DP - 2021 Nov 16 TI - Evaluation of the intranasal route for porcine reproductive and respiratory disease modified-live virus vaccination. PG - 6852-6859 LID - S0264-410X(21)01353-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.033 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: In pigs, modified live virus (MLV) vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are commonly used and administered by intramuscular (IM) injection. In contrast, PRRSV, as a primary respiratory pathogen, is mainly transmitted via the intranasal (IN) route. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commonly used commercial PRRSV MLV delivered IN compared to the IM route. METHODS: Fifty-four pigs were divided into five treatment groups. All vaccinated groups received the same MLV vaccine but administered via different routes. Group IN-JET-VAC was vaccinated with an automated high pressure prototype nasal jet device (IN-JET-VAC, n = 12), group IN-MAD-VAC was vaccinated with a mucosal atomization device (IN-MAD-VAC, n = 12), group IM-VAC was vaccinated intramuscularly (IM-VAC; n = 12) according to label instructions, while the NEG-CONTROL (n = 6) and the POS-CONTROL (n = 12) groups were both unvaccinated. At 28 days post vaccination all vaccinated groups and the POS-CONTROL pigs were challenged with a pathogenic US PRRSV isolate. Blood and nasal swabs were collected at regular intervals, and all pigs were necropsied at day 10 post challenge (dpc) when gross and microscopic lung lesions were assessed. RESULTS: Prior to challenge most vaccinated pigs had seroconverted to PRRSV. Clinical signs (fever, inappetence) were most obvious in the POS-CONTROL group from dpc 7 onwards. The vaccinated groups were not different for PRRSV viremia, seroconversion, or average daily weight gain. However, IN-JET-VAC and IN-MAD-VAC had significantly higher neutralizing antibody levels against the vaccine virus at challenge. CONCLUSIONS: Comparable vaccine responses were obtained in IN and IM vaccinated pigs, suggesting the intranasal administration route as an alternative option for PRRSV vaccination. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Opriessnig, Tanja AU - Opriessnig T AD - The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. Electronic address: Tanja.Opriessnig@roslin.ed.ac.uk. FAU - Rawal, Gaurav AU - Rawal G AD - Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. FAU - McKeen, Lauren AU - McKeen L AD - Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. FAU - Filippsen Favaro, Patricia AU - Filippsen Favaro P AD - School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. FAU - Halbur, Patrick G AU - Halbur PG AD - Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. FAU - Gauger, Phillip C AU - Gauger PC AD - Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. LA - eng GR - BB/J004324/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom GR - BBS/E/D/20241864/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20211024 PL - Netherlands TA - Vaccine JT - Vaccine JID - 8406899 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated) RN - 0 (Viral Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Administration, Intranasal MH - Animals MH - Antibodies, Viral MH - *Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control MH - *Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus MH - Swine MH - Vaccination MH - Vaccines, Attenuated MH - *Viral Vaccines COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2021/10/29 06:00 MHDA- 2022/01/27 06:00 CRDT- 2021/10/28 05:37 PHST- 2021/09/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/10/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/10/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/10/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/01/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/28 05:37 [entrez] AID - S0264-410X(21)01353-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.033 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Vaccine. 2021 Nov 16;39(47):6852-6859. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.033. Epub 2021 Oct 24.