PMID- 34707149
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220126
LR  - 20220126
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Oct 27
TI  - The increased risk of multiple sclerosis associated with HLA-DRB1*15:01 and 
      smoking is modified by alcohol consumption.
PG  - 21237
LID - 10.1038/s41598-021-00578-y [doi]
LID - 21237
AB  - Previous studies have observed an inverse association between alcohol consumption 
      and multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. We aimed to investigate possible interactions 
      between alcohol consumption, MS-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes 
      and smoking regarding MS risk. We used a Swedish population-based case-control 
      study (2059 incident cases, 2887 controls) matched by age, sex, and residential 
      area. Subjects with different genotypes and alcohol consumption habits were 
      compared regarding MS risk, by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence 
      intervals using logistic regression models. Interaction on the additive scale 
      between non-drinking and both genotype and smoking were assessed by calculating 
      the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). There was a dose-dependent 
      inverse association between alcohol consumption and MS risk (p for 
      trend < 0.0001). A potentiating effect was observed between non-drinking and 
      presence of DRB1*15:01 (AP 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.5) which was of similar magnitude 
      irrespective of smoking habits. Non-drinking also interacted with smoking to 
      increase MS risk (AP 0.2, 95% CI 0.06-0.4). Non-drinking interacts with 
      DRB1*15:01 and smoking to increase the risk of MS. Better understanding of the 
      mechanisms behind our findings may help to define ways to achieve protection 
      against MS by other means than alcohol consumption.
CI  - (c) 2021. The Author(s).
FAU - Hedstrom, Anna Karin
AU  - Hedstrom AK
AD  - Department of Clinical Neuroscience, K8, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, 
      Stockholm, Sweden. anna.hedstrom@ki.se.
FAU - Olsson, Tomas
AU  - Olsson T
AD  - Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for 
      Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, 
      Solna, Sweden.
FAU - Alfredsson, Lars
AU  - Alfredsson L
AD  - Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Institute of Environmental Medicine, 
      Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20211027
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
RN  - 0 (HLA-DRB1 Chains)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Alcohol Drinking/*epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - HLA-DRB1 Chains/*genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Multiple Sclerosis/*epidemiology/genetics
MH  - Smoking/*epidemiology
PMC - PMC8551162
COIS- Hedstrom has nothing to disclose. Olsson served on scientific advisory boards and 
      received speaker honoraria Novartis, Merck, Biogen, Merck and Genzyme; received 
      from Novartis and Biogen; and receives unrestricted MS research support from 
      Novartis, Genzyme, Biogen, Merck, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish 
      Brain Foundation. Alfredsson received research support from the Swedish Medical 
      Research Council, the Swedish Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare and 
      the Swedish Brain Foundation; has received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec and 
      TEVA.
EDAT- 2021/10/29 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/27 06:00
PMCR- 2021/10/27
CRDT- 2021/10/28 06:07
PHST- 2021/05/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/10/28 06:07 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/10/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-00578-y [pii]
AID - 578 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-00578-y [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2021 Oct 27;11(1):21237. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00578-y.