PMID- 34734715
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220519
LR  - 20230916
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Print)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 10
DP  - 2022 May 17
TI  - Stability of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Solvents Relevant to 
      Environmental and Toxicological Analysis.
PG  - 6103-6112
LID - 10.1021/acs.est.1c03979 [doi]
AB  - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely used anthropogenic 
      chemicals. For environmental and toxicological analysis, it is important to 
      understand the stability of PFASs, including novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl ether 
      acids (PFEAs), in commonly used solvents. In this study, we investigated the 
      effects of PFAS characteristics, solvent type, water-to-organic solvent ratio, 
      and temperature on the stability of 21 PFASs including 18 PFEAs. None of the 
      studied PFASs showed measurable degradation in deionized water, methanol, or 
      isopropyl alcohol over 30 days; however, nine PFEAs degraded in the polar aprotic 
      solvents acetonitrile, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). PFEA degradation 
      followed first-order kinetics, and first-order rate constants increased with 
      increasing temperature and with decreasing water-to-organic solvent ratio. 
      Monoethers with a carboxylic acid functional group adjacent to a tertiary carbon 
      (>CF-COOH) degraded more rapidly than multiethers in which the carboxylic acid 
      moiety was adjacent to repeating -CF(2)O- groups. In contrast, monoethers with a 
      carboxylic acid moiety adjacent to a secondary carbon (-CF(2)-COOH) were stable 
      in all tested solvents. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we determined 
      that PFEAs with a >CF-COOH group were stoichiometrically decarboxylated in 
      aprotic solvents and formed products with a >CFH group; e.g., hexafluoropropylene 
      oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA or GenX), HFPO-trimer acid, and HFPO-tetramer acid were 
      stoichiometrically converted to Fluoroethers E-1, E-2, and E-3, respectively. 
      PFEA degradation results highlight the importance of solvent choice when 
      preparing dosing solutions and performing extractions for environmental and 
      toxicological assessments of PFEAs.
FAU - Zhang, Chuhui
AU  - Zhang C
AD  - Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina 
      State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.
FAU - McElroy, Amie C
AU  - McElroy AC
AD  - Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina 
      State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.
FAU - Liberatore, Hannah K
AU  - Liberatore HK
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7423-3251
AD  - Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and 
      Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North 
      Carolina 27711, United States.
FAU - Alexander, Nancy Lee M
AU  - Alexander NLM
AD  - Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina 
      State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.
FAU - Knappe, Detlef R U
AU  - Knappe DRU
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1315-1791
AD  - Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina 
      State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.
AD  - Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, 
      Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.
LA  - eng
GR  - EPA999999/ImEPA/Intramural EPA/United States
GR  - P42 ES027706/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P42 ES031009/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20211104
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Carboxylic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Fluorocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Solvents)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 0F5N573A2Y (Ether)
RN  - 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbon
MH  - Carboxylic Acids
MH  - Ether
MH  - Ethers
MH  - *Fluorocarbons/analysis
MH  - Solvents
MH  - Water
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
PMC - PMC9065217
MID - NIHMS1768065
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - GenX
OT  - PFAS
OT  - acetone
OT  - acetonitrile
OT  - degradation
OT  - dimethyl sulfoxide
OT  - fluoroethers
OT  - high-resolution mass spectrometry
EDAT- 2021/11/05 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/20 06:00
PMCR- 2023/05/17
CRDT- 2021/11/04 12:06
PHST- 2021/11/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/11/04 12:06 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/05/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1021/acs.est.1c03979 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2022 May 17;56(10):6103-6112. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03979. 
      Epub 2021 Nov 4.