PMID- 34736985 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220318 LR - 20220318 IS - 1872-8294 (Electronic) IS - 0169-409X (Linking) VI - 180 DP - 2022 Jan TI - Dynamic nano-assemblies based on two-dimensional inorganic nanoparticles: Construction and preclinical demonstration. PG - 114031 LID - S0169-409X(21)00424-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114031 [doi] AB - Dynamic drug delivery systems (DDSs) have the ability of transforming their morphology and functionality in response to the biological microenvironments at the disease site and/or external stimuli, show spatio-temporally controllable drug delivery, and enhance the treatment efficacy. Due to the large surface area and modification flexibility, two-dimensional (2D) inorganic nanomaterials are being increasingly exploited for developing intelligent DDSs for biomedical applications. In this review, we summarize the engineering methodologies used to construct transformable 2D DDSs, including changing compositions, creating defects, and surface dot-coating with polymers, biomolecules, or nanodots. Then we present and discuss dynamic inorganic 2D DDSs whose transformation is driven by the diseased characteristics, such as pH gradient, redox, hypoxia, and enzyme in the tumor microenvironment as well as the external stimuli including light, magnetism, and ultrasound. Finally, the limitations and challenges of current transformable inorganic DDSs for clinical translation and their in vivo safety assessment are discussed. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Sun, Luyao AU - Sun L AD - Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. FAU - Wang, Jingjing AU - Wang J AD - Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. FAU - Li, Li AU - Li L AD - Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: l.li2@uq.edu.au. FAU - Xu, Zhi Ping AU - Xu ZP AD - Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: gordonxu@uq.edu.au. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20211101 PL - Netherlands TA - Adv Drug Deliv Rev JT - Advanced drug delivery reviews JID - 8710523 RN - 0 (Inorganic Chemicals) SB - IM MH - *Drug Delivery Systems MH - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical MH - Humans MH - *Inorganic Chemicals MH - Molecular Structure MH - *Nanostructures OTO - NOTNLM OT - Disassembly and reassembly OT - Dynamic drug delivery systems OT - Stimuli-driven theranostic OT - Surface functionalization OT - Transformable 2D inorganic nanomaterials OT - Tumor microenvironment COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2021/11/06 06:00 MHDA- 2022/03/19 06:00 CRDT- 2021/11/05 05:48 PHST- 2021/04/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/10/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/10/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/11/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/03/19 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/11/05 05:48 [entrez] AID - S0169-409X(21)00424-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114031 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022 Jan;180:114031. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114031. Epub 2021 Nov 1.