PMID- 34766104 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20231022 IS - 2673-253X (Electronic) IS - 2673-253X (Linking) VI - 3 DP - 2021 TI - In-Home Mobility Frequency and Stability in Older Adults Living Alone With or Without MCI: Introduction of New Metrics. PG - 764510 LID - 10.3389/fdgth.2021.764510 [doi] LID - 764510 AB - Background: Older adults spend a considerable amount of time inside their residences; however, most research investigates out-of-home mobility and its health correlates. We measured indoor mobility using room-to-room transitions, tested their psychometric properties, and correlated indoor mobility with cognitive and functional status. Materials and Methods: Community-dwelling older adults living alone (n = 139; age = 78.1 +/- 8.6 years) from the Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH) and Minority Aging Research Study (MARS) were included in the study. Two indoor mobility features were developed using non-parametric parameters (frequency; stability): Indoor mobility frequency (room-to-room transitions/day) was detected using passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors fixed on the walls in four geographic locations (bathroom; bedroom; kitchen; living room) and using door contact sensors attached to the egress door in the entrance. Indoor mobility stability was estimated by variances of number of room-to-room transitions over a week. Test-retest reliability (Intra-class coefficient, ICC) and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) defined as the standard error of measurement (SEM) were generated. Generalized estimating equations models related mobility features with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and functional status (gait speed). Results: An average of 206 days (+/-127) of sensor data were analyzed per individual. Indoor mobility frequency and stability showed good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICCs = 0.91[0.88-0.94]; 0.59[0.48-0.70]). The MCIDs of mobility frequency and mobility stability were 18 and 0.09, respectively. On average, a higher indoor mobility frequency was associated with faster gait speed (beta = 0.53, p = 0.04), suggesting an increase of 5.3 room-to-room transitions per day was associated with an increase of 10 cm/s gait speed. A decrease in mobility stability was associated with MCI (beta = -0.04, p = 0.03). Discussion: Mobility frequency and stability in the home are clinically meaningful and reliable features. Pervasive-sensing systems deployed in homes can objectively reveal cognitive and functional status in older adults who live alone. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Wu, Dodge, Reynolds, Barnes, Silbert, Lim, Mattek, Gothard, Kaye and Beattie. FAU - Wu, Chao-Yi AU - Wu CY AD - Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. AD - Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. FAU - Dodge, Hiroko H AU - Dodge HH AD - Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. AD - Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. FAU - Reynolds, Christina AU - Reynolds C AD - Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. AD - Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. FAU - Barnes, Lisa L AU - Barnes LL AD - Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States. AD - Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States. FAU - Silbert, Lisa C AU - Silbert LC AD - Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. AD - Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. AD - Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States. FAU - Lim, Miranda M AU - Lim MM AD - Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. AD - Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States. AD - Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. AD - Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. AD - Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. AD - National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States. FAU - Mattek, Nora AU - Mattek N AD - Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. AD - Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. FAU - Gothard, Sarah AU - Gothard S AD - Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. AD - Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. FAU - Kaye, Jeffrey A AU - Kaye JA AD - Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. AD - Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. FAU - Beattie, Zachary AU - Beattie Z AD - Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. AD - Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. LA - eng GR - P30 AG072975/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AG024059/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - P30 AG008017/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - P30 AG010161/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AG022018/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - P30 AG024978/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - P30 AG066518/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20211026 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Digit Health JT - Frontiers in digital health JID - 101771889 PMC - PMC8575720 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Alzheimer's disease OT - gait speed OT - indoor mobility OT - life space OT - movement OT - passive monitoring OT - sensing technologies COIS- JK has received research support awarded to his institution (Oregon Health & Science University) from the NIH, NSF, the Department of Veterans Affairs, USC Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Merck, AbbVie, Eisai, Green Valley Pharmaceuticals, and Alector. He holds stock in Life Analytics Inc. for which no payments have been made to him or his institution. ZB hold stock in Life Analytics Inc. for which no payments have been made to him or his institution. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/11/13 06:00 MHDA- 2021/11/13 06:01 PMCR- 2021/10/26 CRDT- 2021/11/12 07:13 PHST- 2021/08/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/09/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/11/12 07:13 [entrez] PHST- 2021/11/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/11/13 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/10/26 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fdgth.2021.764510 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Digit Health. 2021 Oct 26;3:764510. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.764510. eCollection 2021.