PMID- 34769142
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211221
LR  - 20211221
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 21
DP  - 2021 Oct 28
TI  - Monte Carlo Simulation of Double-Strand Break Induction and Conversion after 
      Ultrasoft X-rays Irradiation.
LID - 10.3390/ijms222111713 [doi]
LID - 11713
AB  - This paper estimates the yields of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by 
      ultrasoft X-rays and uses the DSB yields and the repair outcomes to evaluate the 
      relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ultrasoft X-rays. We simulated the 
      yields of DSB induction and predicted them in the presence and absence of oxygen, 
      using a Monte Carlo damage simulation (MCDS) software, to calculate the RBE. 
      Monte Carlo excision repair (MCER) simulations were also performed to calculate 
      the repair outcomes (correct repairs, mutations, and DSB conversions). Compared 
      to (60)Co gamma-rays, the RBE values for ultrasoft X-rays (titanium K-shell, aluminum 
      K-shell, copper L-shell, and carbon K-shell) for DSB induction were respectively 
      1.3, 1.9, 2.3, and 2.6 under aerobic conditions and 1.3, 2.1, 2.5, and 2.9 under 
      a hypoxic condition (2% O(2)). The RBE values for enzymatic DSBs were 1.6, 2.1, 
      2.3, and 2.4, respectively, indicating that the enzymatic DSB yields are 
      comparable to the yields of DSB induction. The synergistic effects of DSB 
      induction and enzymatic DSB formation further facilitate cell killing and the 
      advantage in cancer treatment.
FAU - Hsiao, Ya-Yun
AU  - Hsiao YY
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7494-8767
AD  - Department of Radiology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, 
      Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical 
      University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
FAU - Chen, Fang-Hsin
AU  - Chen FH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1671-4863
AD  - Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, 
      Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
AD  - Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang 
      Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Branch, 
      Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
FAU - Chan, Chun-Chieh
AU  - Chan CC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1156-9791
AD  - Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 
      40227, Taiwan.
FAU - Tsai, Ching-Chih
AU  - Tsai CC
AD  - Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 
      40227, Taiwan.
LA  - eng
GR  - CSMU-INT-109-08/Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan/
GR  - CMRPD1H0473, CMRPD1J0322/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan/
GR  - MOST 109-2314-B-182-078-MY3, 110-2628-B-182-008/Ministry of Sciences and 
      Technology, Taiwan/
GR  - MOST 109-2811-E-005-514-MY2/Ministry of Sciences and Technology, Taiwan/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211028
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
SB  - IM
MH  - *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
MH  - DNA Repair/*radiation effects
MH  - Hypoxia
MH  - Monte Carlo Method
MH  - *Relative Biological Effectiveness
MH  - X-Rays/*adverse effects
PMC - PMC8583805
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DNA repair
OT  - DSB induction
OT  - enzymatic DSB
OT  - ultrasoft X-rays
COIS- The authors report no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for 
      the content and writing of the paper.
EDAT- 2021/11/14 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/22 06:00
PMCR- 2021/10/28
CRDT- 2021/11/13 01:04
PHST- 2021/09/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/10/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/10/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/11/13 01:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/11/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms222111713 [pii]
AID - ijms-22-11713 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms222111713 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 28;22(21):11713. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111713.