PMID- 34777994
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211117
IS  - 2214-2509 (Print)
IS  - 2214-2509 (Electronic)
IS  - 2214-2509 (Linking)
VI  - 26
DP  - 2021
TI  - Immune recovery folliculitis: Case reports in HIV naive and experienced patients.
PG  - e01324
LID - 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01324 [doi]
LID - e01324
AB  - Immune recovery folliculitis (IRF) is defined as the development of an 
      inflammatory disorder of the facial pilo-sebaceous unit due to the immune 
      reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Skin lesions can be related to an 
      immune response against skin saprophyte bacteria (e.g. Demodex folliculorum, 
      Cutibacterium acnes). The rapid reconstitution of T lymphocyte, with a CD8+ 
      predominance, is considered a key pathogenic factor for this phenomenon. IRF is 
      clinically similar to acne vulgaris and can be challenging to treat. Patients 
      with facial pustules can experience social discomfort. Here we report two cases 
      of IRF diagnosed at the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic of the National 
      Institute of Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, in Rome, Italy. The first case 
      occurred in an antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced patient, after a 
      treatment simplification; the second one was registered in an ART-naive patient, 
      diagnosed with acute HIV infection shortly, after ART initiation. To date, an IRF 
      secondary to an ART switch, has not been described yet. IRF should be ruled out 
      and considered in differential diagnosis from antiretroviral drug-related skin 
      effects.
CI  - (c) 2021 The Authors.
FAU - Camici, Marta
AU  - Camici M
AD  - HIV/AIDS Clinical Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Scarabello, Alessandra
AU  - Scarabello A
AD  - Dermatological Clinical Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Del Nonno, Franca
AU  - Del Nonno F
AD  - Histology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 
      Rome, Italy.
FAU - Colombo, Daniele
AU  - Colombo D
AD  - Histology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 
      Rome, Italy.
FAU - Gagliardini, Roberta
AU  - Gagliardini R
AD  - HIV/AIDS Clinical Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Antinori, Andrea
AU  - Antinori A
AD  - HIV/AIDS Clinical Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro 
      Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
DEP - 20211028
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - IDCases
JT  - IDCases
JID - 101634540
PMC - PMC8577432
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ART, Antiretroviral Therapy
OT  - BIC/F/TAF, Bictegravir/Emtricitabina/Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate
OT  - CDC, Centers for Disease Control
OT  - Case report
OT  - DRV/c, Darunavir/cobicistat
OT  - E/C/F/TAF, Elvitegravir/cobicistat/Emtricitabina/Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate
OT  - HIV infection
OT  - HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
OT  - IRF, Immune Recovery Folliculitis
OT  - IRIS, Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
OT  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
OT  - Immune recovery folliculitis
OT  - LPV/r, Lopinavir/ritonavir
OT  - RAL, Raltegravir
OT  - TAF/FTC, Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate/Emtricitabina
OT  - TDF/FTC, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/Emtricitabine
OT  - Therapy simplification
OT  - VL, Viral Load
COIS- MC, AS, FDN, DC have not any potential competing interests. RG received 
      speakers's honoraria from ViiV Healthcare, MSD and Gilead; grants for advisory 
      board from ViiV Healthcare and Janssen. AA has served as a paid consultant to 
      Gilead, Janssen, Merck, and ViiV Healthcare and received research funding from 
      Gilead, Janssen, and ViiV Healthcare.
EDAT- 2021/11/16 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/16 06:01
PMCR- 2021/10/28
CRDT- 2021/11/15 07:07
PHST- 2021/09/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/10/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/10/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/11/15 07:07 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/11/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/16 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2214-2509(21)00280-8 [pii]
AID - e01324 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01324 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - IDCases. 2021 Oct 28;26:e01324. doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01324. eCollection 
      2021.