PMID- 34778472 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20231108 IS - 2325-9671 (Print) IS - 2325-9671 (Electronic) IS - 2325-9671 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 11 DP - 2021 Nov TI - Sex-Based Differences in the Drop Vertical Jump as Revealed by Video Motion Capture Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence. PG - 23259671211048188 LID - 10.1177/23259671211048188 [doi] LID - 23259671211048188 AB - BACKGROUND: Sex-based biomechanical differences during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) may explain the increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in females. Video motion capture using artificial intelligence (VMocap) is a new method for accurate motion analysis. PURPOSE: To use VMocap to identify sex-based differences in biomechanics during a DVJ in Asian athletes. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: A total of 63 female and 61 male Asian soccer players volunteered for this study in 2018. Participants performed a bilateral DVJ using VMocap, and the knee valgus angle (KVA), knee flexion angle (KFA), hip flexion angle (HFA), and lower leg anterior inclination angle (LAIA) were calculated from the motion capture data. These joint angles and inclination angles were evaluated at the time of highest point of the first jump (H1), initial contact (IC), maximum knee flexion (MKF), toe-off (TO), and highest point of the second jump (H2). The unpaired t test was used to compare sex-based differences. RESULTS: At H1, the KVA in females showed more valgus (-2.9 degrees vs -5.4 degrees ) and the LAIA in females was greater (29.1 degrees vs 25.7 degrees ) versus males (P < .01 for both). At IC, the KVA in females showed more valgus (-1.3 degrees vs -3.0 degrees ) and females had a greater KFA (20.8 degrees vs 14.3 degrees ) and LAIA (5.1 degrees vs 0.0 degrees ) compared with males (P < .01 for all). At MKF, female KVA showed more valgus (6.2 degrees vs -9.5 degrees ), and females had greater LAIA (36.6 degrees vs 34.6 degrees ), smaller KFA (77.5 degrees vs 87.5 degrees ), and smaller HFA (55.8 degrees vs 82.0 degrees ) compared with males (P < .01 for all). At TO, female KVA showed more valgus (-0.7 degrees vs -3.1 degrees ) and female KFA, HFA, and LAIA were greater (31.7 degrees vs 19.2 degrees ; 19.9 degrees vs 16.4 degrees ; and 18.2 degrees vs 11.5 degrees , respectively) than males (P < .01 for all). At H2, females had a greater KFA (18.6 degrees vs 14.6 degrees ) and LAIA (13.3 degrees vs 9.9 degrees ) than males (P < .04 for both). CONCLUSION: Asian female soccer players showed increased KVA and LAIA, decreased KFA and HFA at MKF, and increased KFA at IC and TO compared with their male counterparts in this analysis of the DVJ. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Elucidation of kinematic differences between the sexes can aid in predicting injuries. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2021. FAU - Kawaguchi, Kohei AU - Kawaguchi K AD - University of Tokyo Sports Science Initiative (UTSSI), Tokyo, Japan. AD - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Taketomi, Shuji AU - Taketomi S AD - University of Tokyo Sports Science Initiative (UTSSI), Tokyo, Japan. AD - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Mizutani, Yuri AU - Mizutani Y AD - University of Tokyo Sports Science Initiative (UTSSI), Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Uchiyama, Emiko AU - Uchiyama E AD - Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Ikegami, Yosuke AU - Ikegami Y AD - Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Tanaka, Sakae AU - Tanaka S AD - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Haga, Nobuhiko AU - Haga N AD - University of Tokyo Sports Science Initiative (UTSSI), Tokyo, Japan. AD - Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Nakamura, Yoshihiko AU - Nakamura Y AD - University of Tokyo Sports Science Initiative (UTSSI), Tokyo, Japan. AD - Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20211103 PL - United States TA - Orthop J Sports Med JT - Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine JID - 101620522 PMC - PMC8573498 OTO - NOTNLM OT - artificial intelligence OT - motion analysis OT - sex difference OT - vertical drop jump COIS- One or more of the authors has declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding. This study was funded by scholarships from the East Japan Railway Company and Shimamura-Syoukai and grants from the Nakatomi Foundation, the Japanese Orthopaedic Society of Knee, Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, the Japanese Sports Medicine Foundation, the Japan Sport Council, the Watanabe Memorial Foundation for the Advancement of Technology, and the Japan Orthopaedics Traumatology Foundation. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto. EDAT- 2021/11/16 06:00 MHDA- 2021/11/16 06:01 PMCR- 2021/11/03 CRDT- 2021/11/15 07:10 PHST- 2021/05/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/07/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/11/15 07:10 [entrez] PHST- 2021/11/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/11/16 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/11/03 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1177_23259671211048188 [pii] AID - 10.1177/23259671211048188 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Orthop J Sports Med. 2021 Nov 3;9(11):23259671211048188. doi: 10.1177/23259671211048188. eCollection 2021 Nov.