PMID- 34806379
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211203
LR  - 20211214
IS  - 1520-5118 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-8561 (Linking)
VI  - 69
IP  - 47
DP  - 2021 Dec 1
TI  - Dissipation, Residue, and Dietary Risk Assessment of Bifenthrin, Bifenazate, and 
      Its Metabolite Bifenazate-Diazene in Apples Based on Deterministic and 
      Probabilistic Methods.
PG  - 14302-14310
LID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05847 [doi]
AB  - A rapid, sensitive, and effective multiresidue analytical method was established 
      to investigate the degradation rate and final residues of bifenthrin, bifenazate, 
      and its metabolite bifenazate-diazene in apples, and the dietary risk of 
      consumers was evaluated. The residues of bifenthrin, bifenazate, and 
      bifenazate-diazene in apple samples from 12 different apple-producing areas of 
      China were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass 
      spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average recoveries of the three compounds in apples 
      were 88.4-104.6%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.3-10.5%. The 
      limit of quantification (LOQ) for each compound was 0.01 mg/kg. Although the 
      degradation half-lives of bifenthrin, bifenazate, and bifenazate-diazene were 
      17.8-28.9, 4.3-7.8, and 5.0-5.8 days, under good agricultural practice (GAP) 
      conditions, the final residues of bifenthrin, bifenazate, and the sum of 
      bifenazate and its metabolite bifenazate-diazene in apples were <0.01-0.049, < 
      0.01-0.027, and <0.02-0.056 mg/kg, respectively, which were lower than the 
      maximum residue limit (MRL) in China. By comparing the deterministic model with 
      the probabilistic model, the results of the probabilistic model at the P95 level 
      (12.91-48.9% for bifenthrin, 17.48-52.01% for bifenazate including its 
      metabolite) were selected as reasonable assessment criteria for chronic dietary 
      risk, and the acute risk was at the P99.9 level (3.00-15.59% for bifenthrin). 
      Although the exposure risk calculated by both the deterministic model and the 
      probabilistic model was less than 100%, the risk to children is significantly 
      higher than that of the general population. This suggests that in future research 
      and policy making, we should pay more attention to the risk of vulnerable groups 
      such as children.
FAU - Zhao, Peiying
AU  - Zhao P
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, 
      Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
FAU - Chai, Yida
AU  - Chai Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, 
      Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
AD  - School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
FAU - Liu, Rong
AU  - Liu R
AD  - Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 
      100081, China.
FAU - Yuan, Longfei
AU  - Yuan L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8993-3285
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, 
      Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211122
PL  - United States
TA  - J Agric Food Chem
JT  - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
JID - 0374755
RN  - 0 (Carbamates)
RN  - 0 (Hydrazines)
RN  - 0 (Imides)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (Pyrethrins)
RN  - 24Z9QW0505 (bifenazate)
RN  - 6B66JED0KN (bifenthrin)
RN  - LM321PYV3Y (diazene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbamates
MH  - Child
MH  - China
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid
MH  - Half-Life
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrazines
MH  - Imides
MH  - *Malus
MH  - *Pesticide Residues/analysis
MH  - Pyrethrins
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - bifenazate
OT  - bifenthrin
OT  - deterministic model
OT  - metabolites
OT  - probabilistic model
OT  - residue
OT  - risk assessment
EDAT- 2021/11/23 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2021/11/22 08:40
PHST- 2021/11/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/11/22 08:40 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05847 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Agric Food Chem. 2021 Dec 1;69(47):14302-14310. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05847. 
      Epub 2021 Nov 22.