PMID- 34812010
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211124
LR  - 20220915
IS  - 1872-2059 (Electronic)
IS  - 1000-8713 (Print)
IS  - 1000-8713 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 12
DP  - 2021 Dec
TI  - [Determination of bongkrekic acid in tremella and auricularia auricular by 
      improved QuEChERS method combined with ultra-high performance liquid 
      chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry].
PG  - 1368-1373
LID - 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2021.06013 [doi]
AB  - An improved QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) method, 
      combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass 
      spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), was used to determine bongkrekic acid (BA) in 
      tremella and auricularia auricular. BA is a fat-soluble, fatal bacterial toxin 
      produced by the aerobic gram-negative bacteria Burkholderia gladioli pathovar 
      cocovenenans. Tremella and auricularia auricular, which have rich nutritional 
      values, are traditional edible fungi in China that are very popular among Chinese 
      consumers. However, tremella and auricularia auricular are easily contaminated by 
      BA during storage and foaming, and this poses a great threat to food safety and 
      human health. Therefore, establishing a rapid and efficient analysis method for 
      detecting BA in tremella and auricularia auricular is of considerable 
      significance. However, the BA concentration in the actual sample is very low, and 
      the matrices of tremella fuciformis and auricularia auricular are very complex. 
      Thus, it is necessary to employ appropriate sample pretreatment technology to 
      extract and purify BA from tremella and auricularia auricular samples prior to 
      instrumental analysis. In this study, the QuEChERS method, combined with 
      UHPLC-MS/MS, was used to detect BA in tremella and auricularia auricular. The key 
      parameters, such as extraction solvent, extraction method, and adsorbent used for 
      cleanup, were optimized to obtain high extraction efficiency. The content of 
      acetic acid in the extraction solution strongly influenced the extraction 
      efficiency of BA, and acetonitrile with 5%(v/v) acetic acid was determined to be 
      the optimum extraction solvent. After salting out, the acetonitrile extract was 
      purified by dispersive solid phase extraction using 200 mg C18 as a cleanup 
      adsorbent. The sample was then separated on a Waters HSS T3 column (100 mmx2.1 
      mm, 1.8 mum), using a water solution containing 0.01% (v/v) formic acid and 0.05% 
      (v/v) ammonia and methanol as mobile phases. MS analysis was performed using an 
      electrospray ionization source in the negative and multiple reaction monitoring 
      (MRM) modes. Under the optimized conditions, the matrix effects of UHPLC-MS/MS in 
      tremella and auricularia auricular were -6.3% and -11.5%, respectively; this 
      indicated that the method had a significant purification effect, and the sample 
      matrix did not affect the MS detection of BA. Further study showed that in the 
      concentration range of 1-200 mug/L, the square of the regression coefficient of 
      the linear equation (R(2)) was greater than 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) 
      and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.15 mug/kg and 0.5 mug/kg, respectively. The 
      average recoveries in samples spiked with 0.5, 10, and 50 mug/kg BA in tremella 
      ranged from 92.4% to 102.6%, and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard 
      deviations (RSDs) were 4.3%-4.9% and 3.2%-3.5%, respectively. For auricularia 
      auricular, the average recoveries ranged from 89.6% to 102.3%, and the intra-day 
      and inter-day RSDs were 2.4%-9.5% and 3.6%-4.1%, respectively. These results 
      indicate that the proposed method has satisfactory sensitivity, accuracy, and 
      precision. Finally, the method showed good performance when applied to the 
      analysis of real samples. Compared with other reported methods, the LOD and LOQ 
      of our proposed method were lower, with satisfactory recovery and precision. 
      Taken together, this study provides an effective detection technology for the 
      monitoring and risk control of BA in tremella and auricularia auricular.
FAU - Zou, Pan
AU  - Zou P
FAU - Duan, Shengxing
AU  - Duan S
FAU - Hu, Xizhou
AU  - Hu X
FAU - Zheng, Dan
AU  - Zheng D
FAU - Xia, Zhenzhen
AU  - Xia Z
FAU - Xia, Hong
AU  - Xia H
FAU - Peng, Xitian
AU  - Peng X
LA  - chi
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - China
TA  - Se Pu
JT  - Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography
JID - 9424804
RN  - 11076-19-0 (Bongkrekic Acid)
RN  - Tremella fuciformis
SB  - IM
MH  - *Auricularia
MH  - Basidiomycota
MH  - Bongkrekic Acid
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PMC - PMC9404016
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - QuEChERS
OT  - auricularia auricular
OT  - bongkrekic acid
OT  - tremella
OT  - ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 
      (UHPLC-MS/MS)
EDAT- 2021/11/24 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/25 06:00
PMCR- 2021/12/08
CRDT- 2021/11/23 07:00
PHST- 2021/11/23 07:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/11/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1000-8713-39-12-1368 [pii]
AID - 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2021.06013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Se Pu. 2021 Dec;39(12):1368-1373. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2021.06013.