PMID- 34819265
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220627
LR  - 20220711
IS  - 1934-8150 (Electronic)
IS  - 1551-7411 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 8
DP  - 2022 Aug
TI  - Attention to price disclosures in direct-to-consumer prescription drug 
      advertising and the impact on drug perceptions.
PG  - 3402-3413
LID - S1551-7411(21)00374-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.11.003 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mandatory disclosure of the price of prescription drugs within 
      direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertisements (DTCA) has been proposed as a 
      potential means of curbing rising drug costs in the United States. While price 
      transparency in DTCA has widespread public support, empirical evidence regarding 
      the effects of such drug prices disclosures remains limited. OBJECTIVES: This 
      study assessed the degree to which a price disclosure was noticed, the individual 
      characteristics associated with price disclosure recognition, and the impact on 
      perceived drug affordability, effectiveness, and safety. METHODS: A randomized 
      experiment was conducted among 2,138 members of the Amerispeak online panel. 
      Participants were shown a television commercial for a drug treating either type 
      II diabetes, deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE), or rheumatoid 
      arthritis (RA) that disclosed the list price, disclosed the list price plus the 
      average out-of-pocket cost, or had no price disclosure. RESULTS: Roughly forty 
      percent of participants noticed when a price was disclosed while 20-24% noticed 
      information about individual costs varying (the higher of these percentages 
      occurred when the average out-of-pocket cost was provided). Attention did not 
      vary systematically with the cost amount. Recognition of the different elements 
      of the price disclosure were most predicted by sociodemographic variables such as 
      race, education, and income as well as health characteristics. Price disclosure 
      altered perceived affordability of the advertised medication in a manner 
      consistent with the costs provided, but such consistent significant effects were 
      not found for perceived drug effectiveness and safety. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated 
      exposure to price disclosure in television DTCA or supplementary sources of price 
      information may be necessary to increase attention to drug price information, 
      especially among those who are most vulnerable to the burden of drug costs. Price 
      transparency appears useful for adjusting affordability perceptions, but 
      additional research needs to examine how such perceptions factor into healthcare 
      decision-making and drug pricing.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ball, Jennifer Gerard
AU  - Ball JG
AD  - Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Klein College of Communication, 
      Temple University, 300 Annenberg Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States. 
      Electronic address: jennifer.gerard.ball@temple.edu.
FAU - Hollin, Ilene L
AU  - Hollin IL
AD  - Department of Health Services Administration and Policy, College of Public 
      Health, Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, 
      United States. Electronic address: ilene.hollin@temple.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20211112
PL  - United States
TA  - Res Social Adm Pharm
JT  - Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP
JID - 101231974
RN  - 0 (Prescription Drugs)
SB  - IM
MH  - Advertising
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
MH  - *Direct-to-Consumer Advertising
MH  - Disclosure
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Prescription Drugs
MH  - United States
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Affordability
OT  - Attention
OT  - Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising
OT  - Price disclosure
OT  - Price transparency
OT  - Recognition
EDAT- 2021/11/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/28 06:00
CRDT- 2021/11/25 05:46
PHST- 2021/08/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/10/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/11/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/11/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/11/25 05:46 [entrez]
AID - S1551-7411(21)00374-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.11.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Res Social Adm Pharm. 2022 Aug;18(8):3402-3413. doi: 
      10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.11.003. Epub 2021 Nov 12.