PMID- 34819869
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211126
IS  - 1664-042X (Print)
IS  - 1664-042X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-042X (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - A Systematic Review Examining the Approaches Used to Estimate Interindividual 
      Differences in Trainability and Classify Individual Responses to Exercise 
      Training.
PG  - 665044
LID - 10.3389/fphys.2021.665044 [doi]
LID - 665044
AB  - Background: Many reports describe statistical approaches for estimating 
      interindividual differences in trainability and classifying individuals as 
      "responders" or "non-responders." The extent to which studies in the exercise 
      training literature have adopted these statistical approaches remains unclear. 
      Objectives: This systematic review primarily sought to determine the extent to 
      which studies in the exercise training literature have adopted sound statistical 
      approaches for examining individual responses to exercise training. We also (1) 
      investigated the existence of interindividual differences in trainability, and 
      (2) tested the hypothesis that less conservative thresholds inflate response 
      rates compared with thresholds that consider error and a smallest worthwhile 
      change (SWC)/minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Methods: We searched 
      six databases: AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and SportDiscus. Our search 
      spanned the aerobic, resistance, and clinical or rehabilitation training 
      literature. Studies were included if they used human participants, employed 
      standardized and supervised exercise training, and either: (1) stated that their 
      exercise training intervention resulted in heterogenous responses, (2) 
      statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability, and/or (3) 
      classified individual responses. We calculated effect sizes (ES(IR)) to examine 
      the presence of interindividual differences in trainability. We also compared 
      response rates (n = 614) across classification approaches that considered 
      neither, one of, or both errors and an SWC or MCID. We then sorted response rates 
      from studies that also reported mean changes and response thresholds (n = 435 
      response rates) into four quartiles to confirm our ancillary hypothesis that 
      larger mean changes produce larger response rates. Results: Our search revealed 
      3,404 studies, and 149 were included in our systematic review. Few studies (n = 
      9) statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability. The 
      results from these few studies present a mixture of evidence for the presence of 
      interindividual differences in trainability because several ES(IR) values lay 
      above, below, or crossed zero. Zero-based thresholds and larger mean changes 
      significantly (both p < 0.01) inflated response rates. Conclusion: Our findings 
      provide evidence demonstrating why future studies should statistically estimate 
      interindividual differences in trainability and consider error and an SWC or MCID 
      when classifying individual responses to exercise training. Systematic Review 
      Registration: [website], identifier [registration number].
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Bonafiglia, Preobrazenski and Gurd.
FAU - Bonafiglia, Jacob T
AU  - Bonafiglia JT
AD  - School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, 
      Canada.
FAU - Preobrazenski, Nicholas
AU  - Preobrazenski N
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
FAU - Gurd, Brendon J
AU  - Gurd BJ
AD  - School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, 
      Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20211108
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Physiol
JT  - Frontiers in physiology
JID - 101549006
PMC - PMC8606564
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - exercise training
OT  - individual response
OT  - interindividual variability
OT  - non-responder analysis
OT  - responders
OT  - trainability
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/11/26 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/26 06:01
PMCR- 2021/11/08
CRDT- 2021/11/25 06:33
PHST- 2021/02/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/10/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/11/25 06:33 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/11/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/11/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fphys.2021.665044 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Physiol. 2021 Nov 8;12:665044. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665044. eCollection 
      2021.