PMID- 34822592
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220222
LR  - 20220222
IS  - 2072-6651 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6651 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 11
DP  - 2021 Nov 16
TI  - Simultaneous Detection of Seven Alternaria Toxins in Mixed Fruit Puree by 
      Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled 
      with a Modified QuEChERS.
LID - 10.3390/toxins13110808 [doi]
LID - 808
AB  - The presence of Alternaria toxins (ATs) in fruit purees may cause potential harm 
      to the life and health of consumers. As time passes, ATs have become the key 
      detection objects in this kind of food. Based on this, a novel and rapid method 
      was established in this paper for the simultaneous detection of seven ATS 
      (tenuazonic acid, alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene, tentoxin, 
      altenusin, and altertoxin I) in mixed fruit purees using ultra-high performance 
      liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was prepared using the 
      modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method to 
      complete the extraction and clean-up steps in one procedure. In this QuEChERS 
      method, sample was extracted with water and acetonitrile (1.5% formic acid), then 
      salted out with NaCl, separated on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C(18) with gradient 
      elution by using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous as eluent, and 
      detected by UPLC-MS/MS under positive (ESI(+)) and negative (ESI(-)) electrospray 
      ionization and MRM models. Results showed that the seven ATs exhibited a good 
      linearity in the concentration range of 0.5-200 ng/mL with R(2) > 0.9925, and the 
      limits of detection (LODs) of the instrument were in the range of 0.18-0.53 
      mug/kg. The average recoveries ranged from 79.5% to 106.7%, with the relative 
      standard deviations (RSDs) no more than 9.78% at spiked levels of 5, 10, and 20 
      mug/kg for seven ATs. The established method was applied to the determination and 
      analysis of the seven ATs in 80 mixed fruit puree samples. The results showed 
      that ATs were detected in 31 of the 80 samples, and the content of ATs ranged 
      from 1.32 mug/kg to 54.89 mug/kg. Moreover, the content of TeA was the highest in 
      the detected samples (23.32-54.89 mug/kg), while the detection rate of Ten (24/31 
      samples) was higher than the other ATs. Furthermore, the other five ATs had 
      similar and lower levels of contamination. The method established in this paper 
      is accurate, rapid, simple, sensitive, repeatable, and stable, and can be used 
      for the practical determination of seven ATs in fruit puree or other similar 
      samples. Moreover, this method could provide theory foundation for the 
      establishment of limit standard of ATs and provide a reference for the 
      development of similar detection standard methods in the future.
FAU - Xing, Jiali
AU  - Xing J
AD  - Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection 
      Institute), Ningbo 315048, China.
AD  - College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, 
      Ningbo 315100, China.
FAU - Zhang, Zigeng
AU  - Zhang Z
AD  - College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
FAU - Zheng, Ruihang
AU  - Zheng R
AD  - Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection 
      Institute), Ningbo 315048, China.
FAU - Xu, Xiaorong
AU  - Xu X
AD  - Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection 
      Institute), Ningbo 315048, China.
FAU - Mao, Lingyan
AU  - Mao L
AD  - Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection 
      Institute), Ningbo 315048, China.
FAU - Lu, Jingping
AU  - Lu J
AD  - Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection 
      Institute), Ningbo 315048, China.
FAU - Shen, Jian
AU  - Shen J
AD  - Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection 
      Institute), Ningbo 315048, China.
FAU - Dai, Xianjun
AU  - Dai X
AD  - College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
FAU - Yang, Zhenfeng
AU  - Yang Z
AD  - College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, 
      Ningbo 315100, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Validation Study
DEP - 20211116
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Toxins (Basel)
JT  - Toxins
JID - 101530765
RN  - 0 (Mycotoxins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alternaria/*metabolism
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/*methods
MH  - Fruit/microbiology
MH  - Limit of Detection
MH  - Mycotoxins/*analysis
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry/*methods
PMC - PMC8619939
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alternaria toxins
OT  - mixed fruit puree
OT  - modified QuEChERS method
OT  - ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/11/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/23 06:00
PMCR- 2021/11/16
CRDT- 2021/11/25 17:10
PHST- 2021/10/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/11/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/11/25 17:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/11/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/11/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - toxins13110808 [pii]
AID - toxins-13-00808 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/toxins13110808 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Toxins (Basel). 2021 Nov 16;13(11):808. doi: 10.3390/toxins13110808.