PMID- 34827885
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211130
IS  - 2076-2615 (Print)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 11
DP  - 2021 Nov 4
TI  - Effect of Heat Stress on Bovine Mammary Cellular Metabolites and Gene 
      Transcription Related to Amino Acid Metabolism, Amino Acid Transportation and 
      Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling.
LID - 10.3390/ani11113153 [doi]
LID - 3153
AB  - Heat stress (HS) is one of the most serious factors to negatively affect the 
      lactation performance of dairy cows. Bovine mammary epithelial cells are 
      important for lactation. It was demonstrated that HS decreases the lactation 
      performance of dairy cows, partly through altering gene expression within bovine 
      mammary epithelial tissue. However, the cellular metabolism mechanisms under HS 
      remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether HS 
      induced changes in intracellular metabolites and gene transcription related to 
      amino acid metabolism, amino acid transportation and the mTOR signaling pathway. 
      Immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell lines (MAC-T cells, n = 5 
      replicates/treatment) were incubated for 12 h at 37  degrees C (Control group) and 42  degrees C 
      (HS group). Relative to the control group, HS led to a greater mRNA expression of 
      heat shock protein genes HSF1, HSPB8, HSPA5, HSP90AB1 and HSPA1A. Compared with 
      the control group, metabolomics using liquid chromatography tandem-mass 
      spectrometry identified 417 differential metabolites with p < 0.05 and a variable 
      importance in projection (VIP) score >1.0 in the HS group. HS resulted in 
      significant changes to the intracellular amino acid metabolism of glutathione, 
      phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, valine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, 
      proline, cysteine, methionine, alanine, aspartate and glutamate. HS led to a 
      greater mRNA expression of the amino acid transporter genes SLC43A1, SLC38A9, 
      SLC36A1, and SLC3A2 but a lower mRNA expression of SLC7A5 and SLC38A2. 
      Additionally, HS influenced the expression of genes associated with the mTOR 
      signaling pathway and significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of mTOR, AKT, 
      RHEB, eIF4E and eEF2K but decreased the mRNA expression of TSC1, TSC2 and eEF2 
      relative to the control group. Compared with the control group, HS also led to 
      greater mRNA expression of the CSN1S2 gene. Overall, our study indicates that 
      bovine mammary epithelial cells may have the ability to resist HS damage and 
      continue milk protein synthesis partly through enhanced intracellular amino acid 
      absorption and metabolism and by activating the mTOR signaling pathway during HS.
FAU - Fu, Lin
AU  - Fu L
AD  - Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China.
FAU - Zhang, Li
AU  - Zhang L
AD  - Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China.
FAU - Liu, Li
AU  - Liu L
AD  - Faculty of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational 
      College, Chongqing 401228, China.
FAU - Yang, Heng
AU  - Yang H
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
FAU - Zhou, Peng
AU  - Zhou P
AD  - Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China.
FAU - Song, Fan
AU  - Song F
AD  - Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China.
FAU - Dong, Guozhong
AU  - Dong G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7355-3050
AD  - College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, 
      China.
FAU - Chen, Juncai
AU  - Chen J
AD  - College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, 
      China.
FAU - Wang, Gaofu
AU  - Wang G
AD  - Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China.
FAU - Dong, Xianwen
AU  - Dong X
AD  - Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - XmT2018001/Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Special Foundation/
GR  - cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0481/Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211104
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Animals (Basel)
JT  - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
JID - 101635614
PMC - PMC8614368
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - MAC-T cell
OT  - amino acid metabolism
OT  - heat stress
OT  - metabolomics
OT  - milk protein synthesis
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/11/28 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/28 06:01
PMCR- 2021/11/04
CRDT- 2021/11/27 01:04
PHST- 2021/09/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/10/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/11/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/11/27 01:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/11/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/28 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/11/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ani11113153 [pii]
AID - animals-11-03153 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ani11113153 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Animals (Basel). 2021 Nov 4;11(11):3153. doi: 10.3390/ani11113153.