PMID- 34832030
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211130
IS  - 2077-0375 (Print)
IS  - 2077-0375 (Electronic)
IS  - 2077-0375 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 11
DP  - 2021 Oct 21
TI  - Assessment of Forward Osmosis in PRO Mode during Desalination of a Local Oil 
      Refinery Effluent.
LID - 10.3390/membranes11110801 [doi]
LID - 801
AB  - In this study, the performance of a forward osmosis system was assessed over a 
      30-h period during desalination of a local oil refinery effluent using NaCl as 
      the draw solute. The study was conducted with the active layer of the membrane 
      facing the draw solution. Assessment was done based on the water flux, salt 
      rejection (SO(4)(2-) and CO(3)(2-)), membrane fouling and fouling reversal after 
      membrane cleaning. Critical to this study was the performance of manual scrubbing 
      of the membrane after each run and the application of chemically enhanced osmotic 
      backwash. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the cellulose triacetate 
      (CTA) membrane was conducted before and after cleaning to ascertain the degree of 
      fouling and fouling reversal after membrane cleaning. The results showed an 
      average water flux of 3.78 +/- 0.13 L/m(2) h, reverse solute flux (RSF) of 1.56 +/- 
      0.11 g/m(2).h, SO(4)(2-) rejection of 100%, CO(3)(2-) rejection of 95.66 +/- 0.32% 
      and flux recovery of 95% after membrane cleaning. This study identifies that 
      intermittent manual scrubbing of the membrane plays a major role in overall 
      membrane performance. It also provides a practical basis for further research and 
      decision making in the use of FO and CTA membranes for oil refinery effluent 
      desalination.
FAU - Ezugbe, Elorm Obotey
AU  - Ezugbe EO
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4231-5628
AD  - Green Engineering and Sustainability Research Group, Department of Chemical 
      Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and The Built Environment, Durban University 
      of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa.
FAU - Kweinor Tetteh, Emmanuel
AU  - Kweinor Tetteh E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1400-7847
AD  - Green Engineering and Sustainability Research Group, Department of Chemical 
      Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and The Built Environment, Durban University 
      of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa.
FAU - Rathilal, Sudesh
AU  - Rathilal S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4677-5309
AD  - Green Engineering and Sustainability Research Group, Department of Chemical 
      Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and The Built Environment, Durban University 
      of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa.
FAU - Asante-Sackey, Dennis
AU  - Asante-Sackey D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8239-0011
AD  - Green Engineering and Sustainability Research Group, Department of Chemical 
      Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and The Built Environment, Durban University 
      of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211021
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Membranes (Basel)
JT  - Membranes
JID - 101577807
PMC - PMC8623933
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - desalination
OT  - forward osmosis
OT  - fouling
OT  - membrane orientation
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/11/28 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/28 06:01
PMCR- 2021/10/21
CRDT- 2021/11/27 01:17
PHST- 2021/08/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/10/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/11/27 01:17 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/11/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/28 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/10/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - membranes11110801 [pii]
AID - membranes-11-00801 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/membranes11110801 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Membranes (Basel). 2021 Oct 21;11(11):801. doi: 10.3390/membranes11110801.