PMID- 34834895 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20211130 IS - 2223-7747 (Print) IS - 2223-7747 (Electronic) IS - 2223-7747 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 11 DP - 2021 Nov 21 TI - Valorization of Fig (Ficus carica L.) Waste Leaves: HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH System for Online Screening and Identification of Antioxidant Compounds. LID - 10.3390/plants10112532 [doi] LID - 2532 AB - Fig (Ficus carica L.) leaves are produced each year and often disposed, resulting in a waste of resources. Fig waste leaves are rich in flavonoids, which have strong antioxidant activity; however, the variety and chemical structure of antioxidants in fig leaves have not been reported in detail. To take full advantage of fig waste leaves, antioxidant capacity of different extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and water) was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), and ferric-ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The results showed that flavonoids in ethyl acetate extraction had the highest content (83.92 +/- 0.01 mg/g), maximum DPPH scavenging activity (IC(50) 0.54 mg/mL), highest ABTS scavenging rate (80.28%), and FRAP (3.46 mmol/g). Furthermore, an HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH method was developed to identify 11 flavonoids in fig waste leaves. This rapid and efficient method can not only be used for screening the antioxidant components in fig waste leaves, but also can be combined with mass spectrometry to identify the compounds with antioxidant capacity. There are three flavonoids with significant antioxidant capacity, which are 3-O-(rhamnopyranosyl-glucopyranosyl)-7-O-(glucopyranosyl)-quercetin, isoschaftoside, and rutin. The results confirmed that fig waste leaves contain a variety of antioxidant components, which contributed to increase the value of fig waste leaves as antioxidants. FAU - Li, Chunying AU - Li C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1583-6436 AD - Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Forest Resources, Harbin 150040, China. AD - Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. FAU - Yu, Meiting AU - Yu M AD - Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. FAU - Li, Shen AU - Li S AD - Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. FAU - Yang, Xue AU - Yang X AD - Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. FAU - Qiao, Bin AU - Qiao B AD - Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. FAU - Shi, Sen AU - Shi S AD - Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. FAU - Zhao, Chunjian AU - Zhao C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2827-1999 AD - Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Forest Resources, Harbin 150040, China. AD - Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. FAU - Fu, Yujie AU - Fu Y AD - Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. AD - Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Forest Resources, Harbin 150040, China. LA - eng GR - 2572019CZ01/Fundamental Research Fund for Central Universities/ GR - Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team/Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program/ GR - B20088/the 111 Project, China/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20211121 PL - Switzerland TA - Plants (Basel) JT - Plants (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101596181 PMC - PMC8625020 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Ficus carica L. waste leaves OT - HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH OT - antioxidant OT - flavonoids OT - polyphenols COIS- The authors have declared no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/11/28 06:00 MHDA- 2021/11/28 06:01 PMCR- 2021/11/21 CRDT- 2021/11/27 01:26 PHST- 2021/10/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/11/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/11/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/11/27 01:26 [entrez] PHST- 2021/11/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/11/28 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/11/21 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - plants10112532 [pii] AID - plants-10-02532 [pii] AID - 10.3390/plants10112532 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Plants (Basel). 2021 Nov 21;10(11):2532. doi: 10.3390/plants10112532.