PMID- 34844591
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211206
LR  - 20211214
IS  - 1471-2458 (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-2458 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Nov 29
TI  - Predictors of spousal coercive control and its association with intimate partner 
      violence evidence from National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-2016) India.
PG  - 2185
LID - 10.1186/s12889-021-12232-3 [doi]
LID - 2185
AB  - BACKGROUND: The feminist theory posits that spousal coercive control is not 
      random but a purposeful and systematic men's strategy to control and dominate 
      their female partners. The frequency of coercive control is more than emotional, 
      physical, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV). Coercive control is usually 
      mistaken with psychological abuse when it is not and has recently gained 
      independent attention within the spectrum of IPV. The role of socioeconomic 
      factors in determining coercive control and associations between coercive control 
      and form of IPV is less researched. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine 
      sociodemographic and socioeconomic predictors of spousal coercive control and its 
      association with IPV (past 12-months). METHODS: We analysed data of 66,013 
      ever-married women aged 15-49 from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 
      (2015-2016). Estimates involved bivariate and multivariate logistic regression 
      models, and marginal effects prediction. RESULTS: The prevalence of spousal 
      coercive control is more commonly reported by 48% of women than the prevalence of 
      IPV 25% (emotional 11%, physical 22%, and sexual 5%) in the past 12 months. 
      Adjusted odds ratio indicate that women having three and more children (aOR 1.1, 
      95% CI: 1.0-1.2), women work status (1.1; 1.1-1.2), husband's secondary (1.1; 
      1.1-1.2) or higher education (1.1; 1.1-1.2), and husband alcohol consumption 
      (1.7; 1.6-1.7) increase the odds of coercive control. In the fully adjusted model 
      coercive control independently increased the likelihood of experiencing emotional 
      (aOR 2.8.; 95% CI: 2.6, 3.1), physical (2.2; 2.1, 2.3), and sexual (2.5; 2.3, 
      2.8) IPV in the past 12 months; and with an increase in each additional indicator 
      of coercive control acts, the likelihood of physical, sexual, and emotional IPV 
      further increases. When women reported six indicators of coercive control, the 
      predicted proportion of women experiencing emotional 53%, physical 45%, and 
      sexual IPV was 25% in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSION: Coercive control 
      limits women's social support and contacts contributing to low self-esteem, 
      self-efficacy, and poor mental health. The purpose of this study is to highlight 
      that understudied coercive control is more common than other forms of IPV and is 
      a potential risk factor for physical, sexual, and emotional IPV independently. 
      The inclusion of coercive control in interventions is crucial to prevent form of 
      IPV. Survivals long-term safety and independence can be secured if the current 
      protection law against domestic violence is extended to encompass coercive 
      control.
CI  - (c) 2021. The Author(s).
FAU - Kanougiya, Suman
AU  - Kanougiya S
AD  - School of Health Systems Studies (SHSS), Tata Institute of Social Sciences 
      (TISS), Mumbai, India. suman.kanougiya@gmail.com.
FAU - Sivakami, Muthusamy
AU  - Sivakami M
AD  - School of Health Systems Studies (SHSS), Tata Institute of Social Sciences 
      (TISS), Mumbai, India.
FAU - Rai, Saurabh
AU  - Rai S
AD  - School of Health Systems Studies (SHSS), Tata Institute of Social Sciences 
      (TISS), Mumbai, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211129
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Public Health
JT  - BMC public health
JID - 100968562
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Surveys
MH  - Humans
MH  - India
MH  - *Intimate Partner Violence
MH  - Male
MH  - *Men
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sexual Partners
PMC - PMC8628403
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Coercive control
OT  - Controlling behaviour
OT  - India
OT  - Intimate partner violence
OT  - National Family Health Survey-4
OT  - Violence against women
COIS- No, I declare that the authors have no competing interests as defined by BMC or 
      other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or 
      discussion reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2021/12/01 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2021/11/29
CRDT- 2021/11/30 05:37
PHST- 2021/05/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/11/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/11/30 05:37 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/11/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12889-021-12232-3 [pii]
AID - 12232 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12889-021-12232-3 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Public Health. 2021 Nov 29;21(1):2185. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12232-3.